Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi, Salicaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: da ye ci li mu

English: governor's plum, Indian plum, Indian prune, rukam

Fijian: filimoto

French: prunier café, prunier de Chine, prunier malgache

Palauan: chemechong, chemechong, emechong

Pohnpeian: rukam

Rotuman: firmoto

Samoan: filimoto, filimoto, filimoto

Spanish: ciruela de Madagascar

Tongan: filimoto, filimoto, milo‘uta

Wallisian: filimoto

Habit:  tree

Description:  "A tree 5-15 m high (to 20 m where indigenous), with a trunk to 40 cm in diameter, often thorny on trunk and branches, cultivated in gardens and experimental plots near sea level.  The sepals are greenish yellow, the anthers yellow, and the fruits maturing pink to dark red or purplish" (Smith, 1981; pp. 637-639).

Habitat/ecology:  Trees occur in lowland rainforest from sea level up to about 1600 m.

Propagation:  Trees are mostly self sown. Root suckers are commonly produced.

Native range:  "Malesia, but rare in the Moluccas and New Guinea, and not indigenous in southeastern Asia as noted by various authors; the species is widely cultivated and often naturalized in other tropical areas" (Smith, 1981; pp. 637-639).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (pp. 52-53) "Abundant on all of the islands". Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9520 (BISH), Yuncker 9464 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 144858) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 144875) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (pp. 52-53) "Abundant on all of the islands".
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island	native	Ragone, Diane/Lorence, David H. (2003) (p. 50)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1999) (voucher ID: PTBG 266) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1993) (voucher ID: PTBG 41708) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 35374) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 34798) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (pp. 52-53) "Abundant on all of the islands". Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9063, Yuncker 9062, Yuncker 9163, Garber 646, Garber 776
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 144865) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 144870) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 144876) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 144877) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 144878) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 34604) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Setchell, William Albert (1924) (pp. 67-68)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1932) (voucher ID: BISH 32191) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 144859) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1961) (voucher ID: BISH 144862) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 144866) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 144868) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1920) (voucher ID: BISH 144873) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 422305) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 430160) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 430534) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1961) (voucher ID: BISH 698066) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	cultivated	Sykes, Bill (year unknown)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144912) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144924) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144925) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144927) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) var. micronesica
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 15)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 144911) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144913) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 698063) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) var. micronesica
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 15)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144922) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Tol Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) var. micronesica
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Tol Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 15)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Tol Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 11901) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) var. micronesica
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 15)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 11900) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 698062) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 698064) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 698065) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) var. micronesica
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 59) Voucher cited: Kanehira 1542 (NY)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 134) Vouchers cited: D.H. Lorence 7920 (PBG, US), F. Sohl 71 (NY, PTBG), M. Takamatsu 822a (BISH), M. Takamatsu 822 (BISH)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 15)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 11884) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 144910) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1996) (voucher ID: PTBG 21200) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2005) (voucher ID: PTBG 43754) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica
Fiji Fiji Islands	Rotuma Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 639)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Rotuma Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 610607) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Fiji Fiji Islands	Rotuma Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1938) (voucher ID: BISH 618552) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Fiji Fiji Islands	Rotuma Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 638040) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 637, 639) Vouchers cited: DA 5524, DA 12175, DA 1566, DA 2633, DA 12996, DA 1502, MacDaniels 1126
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1938) (voucher ID: BISH 14606) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1938) (voucher ID: BISH 14609) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 144904) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Cultivée
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 48)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 174)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) var. micronesica
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 128612) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1979) (voucher ID: BNM 757) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Z. & M.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1979) (voucher ID: BNM 1223) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Z. & M.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 14)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1933) (voucher ID: BISH 144923) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 650478) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 651084) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 651177) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (2006) (voucher ID: BNM 903067) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 174) var. micronesica
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 14)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 144920) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 428388) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 361) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Z. & M.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2007) (voucher ID: PTBG 48159) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 174) var. micronesica
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 14)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 428614) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 174) var. micronesica
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 14)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 174) var. micronesica
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 14)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1991) (voucher ID: BNM 9532) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Mor. var. Micronesica Fosb. & Sach.
Palau Rock Islands	Aulupse‘el Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 174) var. micronesica
Palau Rock Islands	Aulupse‘el Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 14)
Palau Rock Islands	Aulupse‘el Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 425841) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet
Palau Rock Islands	Chelbacheb Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 610728) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeremdiu Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (2007) (voucher ID: BNM 4527) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Mor. var. Micronesica Fosb. & Sach.
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago		Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 383)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) Rare.
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 113) In forests at low and medium altitudes.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 70)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1905) (voucher ID: BISH 144874) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 66)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28907) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28996) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 77939) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 83888) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 144860) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 144861) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1923) (voucher ID: BISH 144863) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 144864) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 144867) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 144869) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 144871) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 144872) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 145139) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417490) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417679) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417723) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 6219) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 639)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Santa Isabel (Bughotu) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1932) (voucher ID: BISH 144908) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 76)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 639)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuafo‘ou Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 34) Vouchers cited: Hurlimann 665, Buelow 1994, Whistler 6327
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 34) Vouchers cited: Hurlimann 336, Kirch 343, Buelow 1060, Buelow 1099
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 191) Voucher cited: Hürlimann 336
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 429072) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Tafahi Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 34) Vouchers cited: Hurlimann 443, Buelow 1289, Whistler 6253
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Erromango Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1971) (voucher ID: BISH 406195) Taxon name on voucher: Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Futuna Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 639)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Evergreen broad-leaved forests; below 2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan.
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 102)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	native	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 43) Vulnerable
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Evergreen broad-leaved forests; below 2000 m.
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  Characterized as moderately invasive in Rarotonga, Cook Islands (Meyer, 2000; p. 89). Widely naturalized in Rotuma, Fiji, and in Tonga, Futuna and Samoa (Smith, 1981; pp. 637-639). Scattered specimens but not a problem as an invader in American Samoa (Olin Colin Steele, personal communication).

F. rukam var. micronesica Fosb. & Sachet is native to Micronesia and is found in the Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk (Moen, Dublon, Tol, Fefan), Pohnpei) and the Republic of Palau (Koror, Ngarakabesang, Aulupse'el, Urukthapel, Peleliu, Angaur) (Fosberg et al., 1979; p. 174). Listed as present but not invasive in these locations by Swarbrick (1997). Swarbrick also lists it as being present on Guam.

F. jangomas (Lour.) Rauschel is reported by Cronk and Fuller (1995; p. 241) to be a problem species in the Cook Islands while F. indica (Burm.f.) Merr. [=F. ramontchi L'Herit] is reported to be invasive in Florida (US).

Flacourtia indica is cultivated in Hawai‘i (Staples et al., 2000; p. 65).

Additional information:
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Flacourtia rukam is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Flacourtia rukam as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Flacourtia rukam may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1970. Voucher specimen #BNM361(Salsedo 307).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1979. Voucher specimen #BNM757(Canfield 757).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1979. Voucher specimen #BNM1223(Canfield, J.E. 766).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1991. Voucher specimen #BNM9532(Herbst, Stemmerman & Canfield 9532).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 2006. Voucher specimen #BNM903067(Ngirchobong, Gemma D. GN 903067).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 2007. Voucher specimen #BNM4527(collector unknown 4527).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 145139 (Reinecke 274).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 610607 (Fiji Dept. Agr. 18809).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1905. Voucher specimen #BISH 144874 (Vaupel 219).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1920. Voucher specimen #BISH 144873 (Setchell, W.A. 262).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 144865 (Garber, D.W. 646).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 144867 (Eames, A.J. 209).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 144871 (Eames, A.J. 120).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 144870 (Garber, D.W. 776).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1923. Voucher specimen #BISH 144863 (Swezey 233).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1924. Voucher specimen #BISH 144866 (Garber, D.W. 920).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 144861 (MacDaniels, L.H. 1123).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 144904 (MacDaniels, L.H. 1126).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 144860 (Christophersen, E. 545).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 144864 (Christophersen, E. 321).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 144869 (Christophersen, E. 341).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 144872 (Christophersen, E. 64).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 144920 (Kanehira, R. 343).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1932. Voucher specimen #BISH 32191 (Mitchell, D. 570).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1932. Voucher specimen #BISH 144908 (Brass, L.J. 3163).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1933. Voucher specimen #BISH 144923 (Hosokawa, T. 6758).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1935. Voucher specimen #BISH 11900 (Takamatsu, M. 245).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1935. Voucher specimen #BISH 144911 (Takamatsu, M. 162).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1935. Voucher specimen #BISH 698064 (Takamatsu, M. 245).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1935. Voucher specimen #BISH 698065 (Takamatsu, M. 245).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 11884 (Takamatsu, M. 822).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 11901 (Takamatsu, M. 39).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144910 (Takamatsu, M. 822A).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144912 (Takamatsu, M. 6).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144913 (Takamatsu, M. 51).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144922 (Hosokawa, T. 8385).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144924 (Hosokawa, T. 8319).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144925 (Hosokawa, T. 8407).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 144927 (Hosokawa, T. 8510).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1938. Voucher specimen #BISH 14606 (collector unknown 1566).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1938. Voucher specimen #BISH 14609 (Parham, B.E. 2633).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1938. Voucher specimen #BISH 618552 (St.John, H. 19126).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 144858 (Yuncker, T.G. 9464).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 144868 (Yuncker, T.G. 9401A).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 144875 (Yuncker, T.G. 9520).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 144876 (Yuncker, T.G. 9062).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 144877 (Yuncker, T.G. 9163).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 144878 (Yuncker, T.G. 9063).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 428614 (Fosberg 25668).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 698063 (Fosberg, F.R. 24544A).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1950. Voucher specimen #BISH 128612 (Fosberg, F.R. 31994).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1959. Voucher specimen #BISH 144859 (Wisner, A.W.; collector's voucher number unknown).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1961. Voucher specimen #BISH 144862 (Comstock, J.A. 1).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1961. Voucher specimen #BISH 698066 (Comstock, J.A. 1).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1965. Voucher specimen #BISH 425841 (Fosberg, F.R. 47443).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1965. Voucher specimen #BISH 698062 (Evans, M. 1268).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 28907 (Bristol, M.L. 2380).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 28996 (Bristol, M.L. 2472).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1971. Voucher specimen #BISH 406195 (Chew We-Lek 132).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1972. Voucher specimen #BISH 77939 (Fasavalu, I. 5(a)).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1972. Voucher specimen #BISH 83888 (Whistler, W.A. W 254).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1973. Voucher specimen #BISH 417490 (Whistler, W.A. W 1058).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1973. Voucher specimen #BISH 417679 (Whistler, W.A. W 628).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1973. Voucher specimen #BISH 417723 (Whistler, W.A. W 664).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1975. Voucher specimen #BISH 430160 (Whistler, W.A. W 3114).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1976. Voucher specimen #BISH 429072 (Kirch, P.V. 343).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1976. Voucher specimen #BISH 430534 (Whistler, W.A. W 3633).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1977. Voucher specimen #BISH 422305 (Spence, G. 466).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1978. Voucher specimen #BISH 428388 (Shearard, D.A. 98).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1991. Voucher specimen #BISH 610728 (Herbst, D.R. 9532).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1991. Voucher specimen #BISH 638040 (McClatchey, W.C. 90).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1996. Voucher specimen #BISH 650478 (Slappy, S. LR26476).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1996. Voucher specimen #BISH 651084 (Victor, S. LR 26685).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1996. Voucher specimen #BISH 651177 (Victor, S. LR 26685).

Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. 2009. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 273 pp.

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Glassman, S. F. 1952. The flora of Ponape. Bishop Mus. Bull. 209: 1-152.

Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. 1988. Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin No. 7. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Honiara. 203 pp.

Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. 2010. Checklist of the vascular plants of Pohnpei with local names and uses. Allertonia, in press. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Hawai‘i. 146 pp.

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National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 1989. Voucher specimen #PTBG6219(Tim Flynn 3720).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 1993. Voucher specimen #PTBG41708(Art Whistler 9222).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 1999. Voucher specimen #PTBG266(Tim Flynn 6577).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2001. Voucher specimen #PTBG35374(David H. Lorence 8719).

National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2001. Voucher specimen #PTBG34604(David H. Lorence 8523).

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