Eustachys petraea: info from PIER (PIER species info)

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Eustachys petraea
(Sw.) Desv., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands? yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations? no

Other Latin names: Chloris petraea Swartz

Common name(s): [more details]

English: pinewoods fingergrass

Habit: grass

Description: "Perennial, often developing stolons. Culms 20-120 cm tall. Ligule a short ciliate crown. Blades flat or folded, mostly 8-20 cm long and 0.8-1.0 cm broad, obtuse at apex. Panicles with 2-8 erect or erect-spreading branches 4-21 cm long. Spikelets closely imbricated and widely divergent. First glume lanceolate, 0.9-1.5 mm long, the second nearly linear, 1.1-1.7 mm long, short-awned from the obtusely lobed apex. Lemma of perfect (lower) floret ovate-lanceolate, dark brown at maturity, 1.1-2.5 mm long, pilose on upper 1/2-3/4 with short hairs, awnless or mucronate. Reduced floret cylindrical, truncate, 0.8-1.0 mm long, awnless or mucronate" (Howard, 1979; p. 83).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology: "Open, exposed site, most frequent on and near the seashore" (Howard, 1979; p. 83).

Propagation: Seed, locally by stolons.

Native range: "Southern United States, eastern Mexico and throughout the Antilles to Trinidad and northern South America" (Howard, 1979; p. 83).

Presence:

Pacific

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands Rota Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands Rota Island introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Moore 58248 (US, BISH, POM, K, MO, BRI), Raulerson 1584 (US), Herbst & Falanruw 6732 (US), Herbst & Falanruw 6690 (US)

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands Tinian Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands Tinian Island introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 59888 (US, BISH, BM, TI, BRI, NY)

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan Saipan Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan Saipan Island introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1975) (pp. 77-78)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 50547 (US), Fosberg 47715 (US)

Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 60307 (US, BISH, POM, MO)

Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island Kosrae Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Waguk, Erick E. (2000) (p. Voucher specimen)
Voucher: BMW 5745 (BISH, BRI)

Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island Kosrae Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 10)
Voucher cited: Lorence 10117 (PTBG)
Naturalized

Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced
invasive
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 57)
Naturalized

Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 3236 (US)

Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 202)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 3236 (US)

Guam
Guam Island Guam Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Guam
Guam Island Guam Island introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1975) (pp. 77-78)
Vouchers cited: Falanruw 1286 (US), Falanruw 956 (US)

Guam
Guam Island Guam Island National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1994) (voucher ID: PTBG 22350)
Taxon name on voucher: Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv.

State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands French Frigate Shoals introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1513, 1906)
Adventive

Kiribati
Line Islands Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38254)
Taxon name on voucher: Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv.

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Abemama Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher: Imada 2003-119 (BISH 697730)

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Butaritari Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher: Imada 2003-62 (BISH 697677)

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Maiana Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher: Imada 2003-97 (BISH 697712)

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Makin Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Tarawa Atoll introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Tarawa Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher: Imada 2003-17 (BISH 697632)

Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands Tarawa Atoll introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Voucher cited: Raulerson 3644 (US)

Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll introduced
Fosberg, F. R. (1988) (p. 11)

Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain Kili (Kõle) Atoll introduced
invasive
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 4)
"Common to abundant; major component of grassy fields, in ruderal areas, around houses".

Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll introduced
invasive
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 85-86)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 48036, Fosberg 48047, Herbst 8888, Herbst 8958, Herbst 8968, Herbst 9005, Herbst 9626, Whistler 11231

Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1975) (pp. 77-78)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 48036 (US), Fosberg 48047 (US)

Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll introduced
invasive
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 85-86)

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Arno Atoll introduced
invasive
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 3)
"Abundant; major componant of lawns, some patches in ruderal areas".

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Vouchers cited: Falanruw 3200 (US), Fosberg 58812 (US)

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
invasive
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 51)

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 202)
Vouchers cited: Falanruw 3200 (US), Fosberg 58812 (US)

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Maloelap Atoll Imada, Clyde (2006)

Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain Mili (Mile) Atoll introduced
invasive
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A6)
Abundant; in runway, fields and ruderal areas throughout Mili.

Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Angaur (Ngeaur) Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)

Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Angaur (Ngeaur) Island introduced
invasive
Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101)
Voucher cited: Canfield 189 (US)

Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Angaur (Ngeaur) Island introduced
invasive
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 202)
Voucher cited: Canfield 189 (US)

Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Peleliu (Beliliou) Island Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)

United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll Eastern Island introduced
invasive
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-8)

United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll Midway Atoll introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1513, 1906)
Adventive

United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll Sand Island introduced
invasive
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-8)

United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll Spit Island introduced
invasive
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-8)

United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Wake Islands Wake Island introduced
invasive
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 85-86)

Pacific Rim

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) Costa Rica (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) Honduras (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) Nicaragua (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) Panama (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Mexico
Mexico Mexico (United Mexican States) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Indian Ocean

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago Diego Garcia Island introduced
invasive
Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 24)

Also reported from

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) United States (other states) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) USA (Florida) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Control: If you know of control methods for Eustachys petraea, please let us know.

Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute? Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)

[ PIER species lists ] [ PIER home ]

This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 30 NOV 2008.

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Moore 58248 (US, BISH, POM, K, MO, BRI), Raulerson 1584 (US), Herbst & Falanruw 6732 (US), Herbst & Falanruw 6690 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Voucher cited: Fosberg 59888 (US, BISH, BM, TI, BRI, NY)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan	Saipan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1975) (pp. 77-78) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 50547 (US), Fosberg 47715 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Voucher cited: Fosberg 60307 (US, BISH, POM, MO)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Waguk, Erick E. (2000) (p. Voucher specimen) Voucher: BMW 5745 (BISH, BRI)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Lorence 10117 (PTBG) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 57) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3236 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 202) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3236 (US)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1975) (pp. 77-78) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 1286 (US), Falanruw 956 (US)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1994) (voucher ID: PTBG 22350) Taxon name on voucher: Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	French Frigate Shoals	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1513, 1906) Adventive
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38254) Taxon name on voucher: Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10) Voucher: Imada 2003-119 (BISH 697730)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10) Voucher: Imada 2003-62 (BISH 697677)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Maiana Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10) Voucher: Imada 2003-97 (BISH 697712)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Makin Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10) Voucher: Imada 2003-17 (BISH 697632)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Voucher cited: Raulerson 3644 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R. (1988) (p. 11)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 4) "Common to abundant; major component of grassy fields, in ruderal areas, around houses".
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 85-86) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 48036, Fosberg 48047, Herbst 8888, Herbst 8958, Herbst 8968, Herbst 9005, Herbst 9626, Whistler 11231
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1975) (pp. 77-78) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 48036 (US), Fosberg 48047 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 85-86)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 3) "Abundant; major componant of lawns, some patches in ruderal areas".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 3200 (US), Fosberg 58812 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 51)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 202) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 3200 (US), Fosberg 58812 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Maloelap Atoll		Imada, Clyde (2006)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mili (Mile) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A6) Abundant; in runway, fields and ruderal areas throughout Mili.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 43)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced invasive	Waterhouse, B. M (2003) (pp. 100-101) Voucher cited: Canfield 189 (US)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 202) Voucher cited: Canfield 189 (US)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Peleliu (Beliliou) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Eastern Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-8)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1513, 1906) Adventive
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-8)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Spit Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-8)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 85-86)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Panama (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 24)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)