Eulophia graminea Lindl., Orchidaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Terrestrial.  Pesudobulbs ovoid, homoblastic, leafless at time of flowering, quite robust, up to 5 cm tall.  Leaves in new growth, suberect, linear-lanceolate, up to 30 cm long and 1.5 cm wide.  Inflorescence rather slender, scapose, erect, racemose or paniculate, loosely many-flowered, up to 60 cm tall.  Peduncle distinctly 3- to 4-sheated, branches when present are loosely spreading.  Bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than pedicellate ovaries.  Flowers greenish with brownish purple venation.  Sepals and petals spreading, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 12 mm long. Lip with a short, up to 3 mm-long clavate spur, 3-lobed, white with rose-purple markings: lateral lobes erect, enfolding the column, ovate-triangular, obtuse; midlobe porrect, suborbicular, undulate; disc in center provided with 3 to 5 parallel keels between the lateral lobes which are decurrent on midlobe where they are dissolved in a series of filiform, beard-like papillae.  Whole lip 11 mm long.  Pedicellate ovary up to 15 mm long" (Garay & Sweet, 1974; pp. 137-138).

Habitat/ecology:  In Okinawa, "uncommon in mountains and open lowlands" (Garay & Sweet, 1974; pp. 137-138).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Japan (Ryukyi Islands), India, China, Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia (Garay & Sweet, 1974; pp. 137-138).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	native	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced	Waterhouse, Barbara (year unknown)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced	Waterhouse, Barbara (year unknown)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Comments:  Reported as an invasive species in Australia per Barbara Waterhouse, pers. com., and Smith, 2002.

Additional information:  Additional online information about Eulophia graminea is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Eulophia graminea may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Garay, Leslie A./Sweet, Herman R. 1974. Orchids of southern Ryukyu Islands. Harvard University, Cambridge.

Kato, Hidetoshi. 2007. Herbarium records of Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University. Personal communication.

Smith, Nicholas M. 2002. Weeds of the wet/dry tropics of Australia - a field guide. Environment Centre NT, Inc. 112 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2007. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Waterhouse, Barbara. 0. Barbara Waterhouse, pers. com.