Eucalyptus paniculata Sm., Myrtaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 11 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: yuan zhui hua an

English: black ironbark, gray ironbark, white ironbark

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees 30-50 m tall, bark pale gray, rough, hard, furrowed throughout.  Adult leaves alternate, blades discolorous, lanceolate, 9.5-15 cm long, 1.2-2.4 cm wide, apex acuminate, petioles 13-22 mm long.  Flowers 7 in umbels arranged in terminal, paniculate inflorescences, sometimes axillary and simple, peduncles 6-16 mm long, pedicels quadrangular, 2-10 mm long; buds obovoid to fusiform, 7-9 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; operculum conical, narrower than hypanthium.   Fruit hemispherical, obconical, obovoid, or subpyriform, 6-8 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, valves 4-5, level or included" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 956-957).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "planted, often in windbreaks" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 956-957).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Australia (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 956-957). "New South Wales, but extending into adjacent Victoria and Queensland" (Smith, 1985; p. 300).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 300)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 956-957) Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 956-957) Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 956-957) Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 956-957) Reproducing from planted trees.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 956-957) Voucher cited: Rock 6048 (BISH) Reproducing from planted trees.
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (pp. 128-129) Voucher cited: CHR 170466

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi.

Additional information:
Fact sheet from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" (PDF format).

Additional online information about Eucalyptus paniculata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Eucalyptus paniculata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Eucalyptus paniculata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Little, Elbert L./Skolmen, Roger G. 1989. Common forest trees of Hawaii (native and introduced). USDA Agriculture Handbook 679. Washington, D.C. 377 pp. + plates.

Smith, Albert C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 3. 758 pp.

Sykes, W. R. 1970. Contributions to the flora of Niue. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 200, Wellington. 321 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).