Eschscholzia californica Cham., Papaveraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Common name(s): [more details]

English: California goldenpoppy, California poppy

French: eschscholtzie de Californie, globe du soleil

Spanish: amapola de California, dedal de oro

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Glaucous, subglabrous annual or perennial herbs; stems erect or ascending, sprawling with age, 2-6 dm long, branched.  Leaves ca. 3-12 cm long, the lobes linear-elliptic, 1-3 mm wide.  Peduncles 3-15 cm long; receptacle with 2 rings, outer one spreading, 2-4 mm wide, inner one erect and hyaline; calyptra 1-4 cm long; petals dark orange to yellow, broadly obovate, 2-6 cm long.  Capsules cylindrical, tapering to apex, 3-8 (-10) cm long.  Seeds grayish brown, 1.2-1.5 mm long, reticulate"  (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1006-1007).

"Plants perennial or annual, caulescent, erect or spreading, 5-60 cm, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; taproot heavy in perennial forms. Leaves basal and cauline; blade with ultimate lobes obtuse or acute. Inflorescences cymose or 1-flowered; buds erect. Flowers: receptacle obconic, cup with spreading free rim; calyx acute to acuminate, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; petals yellow to orange, usually with orange spot at base, 20-60 mm. Capsules 3-9 cm. Seeds brown to black, spheric to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 mm, reticulate" (Flora of North America).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "cultivated, now naturalized and currently spreading...at 2,270 m"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1007).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Western North America (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1007).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1006-1007)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1006-1007) Voucher cited: Fosberg 48375 (US)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 113) Voucher cited: MacKee 40076

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 85)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 85)
China China	China (People's Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 85)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 929) "Dry stony sites, especially on roadsides and dry riverbeds".
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Eschscholzia californica is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Eschscholzia californica as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Eschscholzia californica may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico (online edition).

Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias. 1988. Dicot weeds, vol. 1. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 335 pp.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

U. S. Government. 2009. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.