(L.) DC., Asteraceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Emilia javanica (Burm. f.) C. B. Rob.
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: yi dian hong |
English: Cupid's shaving-brush, Flora's paint brush, emilia, purple sow thistle, red tassel-flower, sow thistle |
Fijian: se vuka |
French: émilie |
Japanese: usubeni-nigana |
Mangarevan: runa |
Niuean: pualele, pupu lele |
Samoan: fua lele, fua lele lilii, fualele, meleni vao, pualele |
Spanish: borlitas |
Tongan: longlongouha |
Habit: herb
Description: "An annual herb; root a branched taproot; stems weak, erect or often branched at the base, smooth or sparingly hairy, 10 to 60 cm tall; lower leaves deeply and irregularly pinnately or bluntly toothed; lobes nearly round, kidney-shaped, ovate, triangular-ovate or obovate, 4 to 16 cm long, 1 to 8 cm wide with narrowly winged petioles; upper leaves smaller than lower leaves, alternate, usually entire, sometimes coarsely dentate, sessile and somewhat clasping the main stem; inflorescence a terminal, involucrate flower head resembling a single flower, 12 to 14 mm long, 4 to 5 mm wide, urn-shaped, long-peduncled; flowering branches usually dichotomously branched with 3 to 6 heads, each head or capitulum a composite of numerous florets; involucre green, cylindrical, somewhat inflated below, in a single series; inner florets perfect, outer ones pistillate, 30 to 60 per head, flowers purple, scarlet, red, pink, orange, white or lilac; ovary inferior, one cell, one oval with basal placentation; fruit a dry indehiscent achene prismatic, 2.4 to 3 mm long, narrowly oblong with 5 shortly hairy ribs alternating with indistinct, smooth ribs, outer achenes reddish brown, inner ones off-white; pappus white, abundant, 8 mm long. This species is recognized by the sowthistle-like leaves, the long-peduncled, usually dichotomously branched inflorescence and the single ring of involucral bracts that are somewhat inflated below" (Holm et al., 1977; p. 342).
"Similar to [E. coccinea and E. fosbergii] except: usually more slender and branched. Leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid and dentate, the lower ones usually pinnately lobed. Involucre 2-4 times as long as wide, as long as corolla, consisting of ca. 8 bracts, usually 9-12 mm long; florets usually 20-40 per head, corollas lavender to pale purple, as long as the involucral bracts or scarcely surpassing them, the lobes 0.3-1.7 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 312).
var. sonchifolia: "Heads narrowly cylindric, about 3 times as long as broad, 10-12 x 3-4 mm, the phyllaries 6-10, the flowers 15-30 per head, the corolla lobes 0.5-0.7 mm long" (Smith, 1991; pp. 318-320).
var. javanica: "Heads broadly cylindric, about twice as long as broad, 10-13 x 6-8 mm, the phyllaries 8-10, the flowers 25-35 per head, the corolla lobes 1-1.5 mm long" (Smith, 1991; pp. 318-320).
Habitat/ecology: "Occurs in open grassy or waste areas, dry stony areas, roadsides, plantation crops such as tea and bananas, and cultivated annual crops. It grows from sea level to 1000 m and inhabits many soil types" (Holm et al., 1977; p. 342).
In Hawaii, "naturalized at low elevations in dry, disturbed areas" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 312). In Fiji, "naturalized from near sea level to about 900 m as a weed in cultivated areas and villages, along roadsides, on open hillsides among reeds and on edges of open ponds, and sometimes in forested areas" (Smith, 1991; pp. 318-320). In Niue, "a locally common plantation weed. Occasionally it grows in other open places" (Sykes, 1970; p. 65). "Common in sunny disturbed places" (Whistler, 1988; p. 10). In Papua New Guinea, "a weed of cultivation, pastures, roadsides and wasteland" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 72). In Tonga, "a plantation and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; pp. 269-270). In Taiwan, "common in coastal regions, sandy places, wastelands, roadside and paddy ridges, sea level to about 850 m" (Digital Flora of Taiwan).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Eastern and southern Asia and western Pacific (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 312).
var. sonchifolia: "Pantropical, but probably originating in southern Asia..." (Smith, 1991; pp. 318-320).
var. javanica: "presumably indigenous in eastern Asia and Malesia, spreading eastward as far as the Tuamotus, Marquesas, and Hawai'i. Probably it reached the Fijian Region early in the present century..." (Smith, 1991; pp. 318-320).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 9529 |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 68)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 9529 (BISH) |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Vouchers cited: Harris 242, Yuncker 9107, Yuncker 9123, Whistler 1390 |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 68)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9123 (BISH), Yuncker 9107 (BISH), W. Harris 242 (BISH) |
|
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92) | |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island | Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 131) | |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island | Anon. (1988) (p. 2) | |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
introduced
invasive |
Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 41) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 42)
Vouchers cited: Falanruw 2316 (US), Fosberg 31614 (US, BISH, Fo) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 42)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 1958 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Asuncion Island |
introduced
|
Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 64)
Voucher cited: CBM-BS-59195 |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Guguan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Guguan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 42)
Vouchers cited: Falanruw 1813 (US), Falanruw 1820b (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Guguan Island |
introduced
|
Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 64)
Voucher cited: CBM-BS-58925 |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Maug Island | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 42)
Vouchers cited: Moore 429 (US), Fosberg 31369 (US), Anderson 613 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Nassau Island |
McCormack, Gerald (2013)
? |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Rakahanga Atoll | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Tol Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 13)
Naturalized |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
|
Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 97)
Vouchers cited: Glassman 2752 (US), Glassman 2777 (US) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
invasive |
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 73)
Vouchers cited: F.R. Fosberg 58428a (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 58509 (BISH), S.F. Glassman 2777 (BISH), L. Stemmermann 3015 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 778 (BISH), N.S. Tangalin 1268 (PTBG) Naturalized |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2007) (voucher ID: PTBG 50091)
Taxon name on voucher: Emilia sonchifolia var. sonchifolia |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Fais Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 14)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 46672 (US) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ulithi Atoll | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Ovalau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 318-320)
Vouchers cited: var. sonchifolia: DA 1300 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 318-320)
Vouchers cited: var. sonchifolia: Smith 6883; var. javanica: DA 5694, DA 10775 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 318-320)
Vouchers cited: var. sonchifolia: Greenwood 167, Smith 4311, DA 10424, im Thurn 130, Parks 20622, DA 5996, DA 1891, Greenwood 167A, DA 11914, DA 11079, Smith 7089, DA 10624; var. javanica: DA 10291, Smith 4335, Parks 20621, DA 5994, DA 9815 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Yasawas Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 318-320)
Voucher cited: var. sonchifolia: St. John 18173 |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Agakauitai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Agakauitai Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 25)
Voucher cited: St. John 14917 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Aukena Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: B. Huguenin s.n. (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 25)
Vouchers cited: Agassiz 129 (GH), St. John 14478 (BISH), St. John 14904 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 25)
Voucher cited: St. John 14775 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Tauna Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 25)
Voucher cited: St. John 14753 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Eiao Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Eiao Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Voucher cited: J. Florence & M. Teikiteetini 9339 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39395)
Taxon name on voucher: Emilia sonchifolia |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Vouchers cited: B.G. Decker 502 (PAP), B.G. Decker 668 (PAP), B.G. Decker 774 (PAP), B.G. Decker 775 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1022 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1213 (PAP), M.-H. Sachet & B.G. Decker 1134 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6764 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Vouchers cited: B.G. Decker 1990 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1943 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Voucher cited: B.G. Decker 2309 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Bora Bora Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Huahine Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 17) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 68)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 64792 (US) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 17) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Voucher cited: J. Florence 10292 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 17)
var. javanica (Burm. f.) Mattf. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 76)
Vouchers cited: Moore 35, Fosberg & Sachet 63244, BRY 26058 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: P. Morat 6945 (PAP), F.R. Fosberg & M.-H. Sachet 63244 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahaa Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 17) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 76)
Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 56, Grant 4019, Grant 3649 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 2445 (PAP), F.R. Fosberg 62871 (PAP); var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Voucher cited: J. Florence , P. Birnbaum & M. Guérin 9701 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tupai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: Sachet 2572 (US) |
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Moruroa Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Niau Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 10057 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Takapoto Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 39)
Voucher cited: Sachet 2049 (US) |
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Takapoto Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Voucher cited: M.-H. Sachet 2049 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll |
introduced
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 8083 (PAP) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rapa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rapa Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 42033)
Taxon name on voucher: Emilia sonchifolia |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. javanica (N.L. Burman) J. Mattfeld. Voucher cited: J. Florence 6115 (PAP); var. sonchifolia . Voucher cited: J. Florence 6114 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 590-592)
Vouchers cited: Stone 4028 (GUAM), Stone 4127 (GUAM) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, Randal T. (2002) (p. 4)
Var. sonchifolia; voucher cited: Oppenheimer H40019 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 312)
Var. javanica (N.L. Burm.) Mattf. and var. sonchifolia |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank (2008) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H120646 (BISH, PTBG) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Shannon, Robynn K./Herbst, Derral R. (1997) (p. 52)
East Maui. Var. javanica (N.L. Burm.) Mattf. and var. sonchifolia; voucher cited: McKinnon et al. 510 (US) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 312)
Var. javanica (N.L. Burm.) Mattf. and var. sonchifolia |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
Kiribati
Phoenix Islands |
Kanton Island |
introduced
|
Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 174) |
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Tarawa Atoll |
Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
Presence not verified. |
|
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
invasive |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 100)
Vouchers cited: Thaman & Manner 115 (SUVA), Thaman & Manner 22313 (SUVA) |
New Caledonia
Îles Bélep (Belep Islands) |
Île Art |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 35)
Voucher cited: MacKee 30546 |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands) |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Lifou |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 35)
Voucher cited: MacKee 27277 |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Tiga |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 35)
Voucher cited: MacKee 45870 |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Walpole |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 35)
Voucher cited: Hmakone & Sam in MacKee 25849 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 379)
Rudérale, nombreuses localités |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 35)
Vouchers cited: Franc 2226, Buchholz 1518, MacKee 17379, Suprin 2287 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 35)
Voucher cited: MacKee 13079 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 65)
Vouchers cited: CHR 170494, CHR 170495 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 10) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 119)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9747 (BISH), Yuncker 10071 (BISH) "Common weed in plantations, along roadsides and in waste areas". |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 42) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 103) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 101) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 63)
Voucher: Lorence 9819 (PTBG, BNM, NY, US) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 112)
Taxon name on voucher: Emilia sonchifolia |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 97) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1977) (voucher ID: BNM 10008)
Taxon name on voucher: Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 97) |
Palau
Rock Islands (Chelbacheb) |
Aulupseel (Ulebsechel) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 287) |
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
Bismarck Archipelago |
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 567)
Abundant. |
|
Papua New Guinea
Bougainville Islands |
Bougainville Island | Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 37) | |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
invasive
|
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 72)
Common from near sea level to about 1000 m. |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 620)
In open waste places, cultivated land, etc., in and about towns and settlements at low and medium altitudes. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Western Samoa Islands | Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 10) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
introduced
|
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 71) |
Tonga
Haapai Group |
Haapai Islands |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 8)
Vouchers cited: Soakai 298, Soakai 549 |
|
Tonga
Haapai Group |
Lifuka Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 269-270)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15706 |
Tonga
Tonga Islands |
Tonga Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 269-270)
"Found throughout Tonga". |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 8)
Voucher cited: Soakai 950 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 269-270)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15656 |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 8)
Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks "a", Soakai 785, Soakai 793 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 269-270)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15276 |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Late Island |
introduced
|
Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 348) |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 8)
Vouchers cited: Soakai 849, Soakai 1021 |
|
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands |
Tuvalu Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92) | |
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Johnston Atoll |
Johnston Island |
introduced
invasive |
Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 60) |
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Palmyra Atoll |
Palmyra Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 33)
An occasional volunteer. |
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands |
Vanuatu (Republic of) | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92) | |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis (Uvea) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Morat, Ph./Veillon, J.-M. (1985)
Morat & Veillon, 1985, cited in Meyer, 2007 |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis and Futuna Islands | Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 10) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
native
|
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
native
|
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) |
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) | Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 65, 77) | |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 343) | |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 343) | |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Weedy slopes, roadsides, field margins, sandy places; sea level to 2100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 280)
In wasteland or on margins of farmlands. |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku |
Japan
Ryukyu Islands |
Ryukyu Islands |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Brunei |
Brunei (Negara Brunei Darussalam) | Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 65, 77) | |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) | Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 65, 77) | |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
uncertain if introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 38)
Weed of uncertain origin |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 340) |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Weedy slopes, roadsides, field margins, sandy places; sea level to 2100 m. |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013) |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
native
|
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Malè Atoll |
Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 35)
"Common in dense weedy sod back of beach". Voucher cited: Fosberg 36855 (US) |
|
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Frégate Island |
Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 46)
Voucher cited: Robertson 2644 |
|
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Georgia, South Carolina Naturalized |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Comments: May hybridize with Emilia fosbergii where they occur together (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 312).
Control: If you know of control methods for Emilia sonchifolia, please let us know.