Echinochloa oryzoides Fritsch, Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Panicum oryzoides Ard.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: shui tian bai

English: Asian paddy weed, early barnyard grass, early water grass, hairy millet

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Annual, culms 25-150 cm high, erect.  Leaf-blades 7-35 cm long, 5-12 mm wide; ligule absent; sheaths smooth and glabrous.  Inflorescence linear to narrowly ovate, 6-25 cm long, the racemes irregularly 2-rowed, the longest 2.5 cm long, usually simple.  Spikelets ovate-elliptic, 3.8-6.5 mm long, hispid; lower lemma acuminate or with an awn up to 2.5 cm long; upper lemma 3.5-5 mm long, including the short herbaceous tip" (Cope, 1982; p. 196).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  "A weed in fields of rice, rarely in other crops, sometimes near roads and irrigation channels; up to lower mountain belt" (Tsvelev, 1976; pp. 1001-1002).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Widely naturalized, including in the United States, origin uncertain (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1907)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 65)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) Naturalised
China China	China (People's Republic of)	invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) A weed of rice fields. Anhui, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Japan Japan	Japan		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 134)
North Korea North Korea	North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 65)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) A weed of rice fields.
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 65)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized

Control:  If you know of control methods for Echinochloa oryzoides, please let us know.