Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: ying fu bai

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Culms erect or slightly decumbent at base, 50-120 cm tall. Leaf sheaths smooth and glabrous; leaf blades stiffly erect, linear, flat, 10-30 x 0.6-1.2 cm, glabrous, margins thickened, apex acuminate. Inflorescence narrow, 8-15 x 1-2 (-3) cm; racemes 1-4 cm, simple. Spikelets light green, 3.5-5 mm, awnless or awned; glumes 5-veined; lower glume 1/3-1/2 as long as spikelet, acute; upper glume equal to spikelet, inconspicuously scabrous to shortly hispid along veins, cuspidate to awn-tipped; both lemmas coriaceous, hard and shining, especially down the center, the lower cuspidate to awned"  (Flora of China online).

"Erect annual grass 50-100 cm high; adopts a closely tufted habit in wetlands, but spreading habit in dry situations.  Leaf sheaths tightly stem-clasping; leaf blades strap-like, 10-20 cm - 5-8 mm wide with a long thin apex.  Inflorescence a closely branched panicle 10-20 cm long; pseudo-spikes 2.5-8 cm long, up to 7 mm diameter.  Spikelets numerous, 3-3.5 mm long, with or without awns, which if present are 1-3 mm long.  Caryopsis held tightly within each spikelet, shed as a unit"  (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1999; p. 1535).

Habitat/ecology:  "damp places, streams" (Flora of China online).  "Inundated areas, especially rice paddies; fallow ground, cropping land" (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1999; p. 1535).

Propagation:  "Seeds and vegetative fragments probably dispersed by water" (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1999; p. 1535).

Native range:  Eastern Asia (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1999; p. 1535).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 41)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 121)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 121)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 121)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 121)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Damp places, streams. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 334) On margins of ponds and in other wet places.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)
Negara Brunei Darussalam Brunei	Brunei (Negara Brunei Darussalam)		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Damp places, streams.
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)		Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. (1998) (p. 70)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Echinochloa glabrescens is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Echinochloa glabrescens as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Echinochloa glabrescens may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1987. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae. Micronesica 20:1-126.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Waterhouse, B. M./Mitchell, A. A. 1998. Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy: weeds target list. Second edition. Australian Quarantine & Inspection Service, Miscellaneous Publication No. 6/98. 110 pp.

Wester, Lyndon. 1992. Origin and distribution of adventive flowering plants in Hawai‘i. In: Stone, Charles P.; Smith, Clifford W. and Tunison, J. Timothy. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research. University of Hawaii, Cooperative National Park Research Studies Unit, Honolulu. University of Hawaii Press. .

Wu, Te-lin. 2001. Check List of Hong Kong Plants. Hong Kong Herbarium and the South China Institute of Botany. Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department Bulletin 1 (revised). 384 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).