Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub., Podocarpaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Podocarpus cupressinus R. Br. ex Mirb.; Podocarpus imbricatus Blume

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: ji mao song

Fijian: amunu, aumunu, kausola, kautambua, ndakua salusalu, salusalu

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Columnar tree to 160 feet tall; shoots on young plants often whiplike.  Leaves on young plants 2-ranked, linear and bilaterally flattened, spreading, tip bent parallel to shoot, to 0.4-0.7 x 0.05-0.1 inches; foliage leaves gradually smaller and less 2-ranked; mature leaves scalelike, usually ±0.04-0.07 inches long; leaves on secondary branches always scalelike and overlapping, not bilaterally flattened; leaves at base of receptacle 0.1-0.2 inches long.  Fruit 0.2 inches in diameter, receptacle bright red at maturity"  (Staples & Herbst, 2005; p. 72).

"Characterized by flat, linear, dimorphic leaves 0.8-1.3 cm long or ca. 0.2 cm long, the latter appressed along young, green branches.  The leaf size, shape and arrangement superficially resembles some Cupressus species.  The seeds are attached to red, fleshy receptacles"  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 10).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i (O‘ahu), naturalized in Lyon Arboretum where  "plants of all life stages are found widely scattered throughout unmanaged parts of the Arboretum, but they were not observed at high densities anywhere"  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 10).  In Fiji (var. patulus), "occurring in dense, dry, or secondary forest at elevations from near sea level to 1,100 m"  (Smith, 1979; p. 95)

Propagation:  Seed, presumably dispersed by birds (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 10).

Native range:  Java (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 10).  "Variety patulus has a broader distribution, extending from Burma, southern China and Hainan to the Philippines, New Hebrides, and Fiji"  (Smith, 1979; p. 96)

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 97) var. patulus de Laubenfels. Vouchers cited: DF 521, DF 856 (S1426/4)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 97) var. patulus de Laubenfels. Vouchers cited: Gibbs 775A/B, Vaughan 3258, de Laubenfels P331, Smith 6245, DA 2094, DF 854 (S1426/3), de Laubenfels P306, DA 14470, DF 852 (S1426/1), de Laubenfels P310, Milne s.n., DF 770 (S1426/5), DA L. 13240, DA 12427, DA 10847, Milne 31
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (year unknown) (voucher ID: PTBG 16350) Taxon name on voucher: Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Bl.) de Laubenfels var. patulus de Laubenfels
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island		Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 655806) Taxon name on voucher: Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. (2006) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: C. Daehler 1099 (BISH, HAW), Grant 7548 (BISH), L.Pyle sub G.W. Staples 582 (BISH)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (p. 3) As Podocarpus javanicus. Common on the higher mountains in the mossy forest, altitude 1,300 to 2,500 m.
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)	native	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 97) var. patulus de Laubenfels.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Dacrycarpus imbricatus is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Dacrycarpus imbricatus as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Dacrycarpus imbricatus may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.). 1980. Voucher specimen #BISH655806(Cuddihy, L.W. 514).

Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. 2006. New records of naturalized and naturalizing plants around Lyon Arboretum, Mānoa Valley, O‘ahu. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004-2005. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87:3-18.

Merrill, Elmer D. 1925. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, vol. 1 [reprint]. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 463 pp.

Smith, Albert C. 1979. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 1. 494 pp.

Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. 2005. A tropical garden flora: plants cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and other tropical places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 908 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).