Cupressus arizonica Greene, Cupressaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 15 (Go to the risk assessment).

Other Latin names:  Cupressus glabra Sudw. [=Cupressus arizonica var. glabra]

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: lu gan bai

English: Arizona cypress, Arizona smooth cypress, Cuyamaca cypress, Piute cypress, San Pedro Mártir cypress

French: cyprès d'Arizona

Spanish: cedro, cedro blanco, ciprés de Arizona, ciprés fibrosa, ciprés plateado

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees to 23 m, shrubby where subject to fires; crown conic at first, broadly columnar with age, dense. Bark smooth at first, remaining so or becoming rough, furrowed, fibrous. Branchlets decussate, 1.3-2.3 mm in diameter. Leaves usually with conspicuous, pitlike, abaxial gland that produces drop of resin, often highly glaucous. Pollen cones 2-5 x 2 mm; pollen sacs mostly 4-6. Seed cones globose or oblong, mostly 2-3 cm, gray or brown, often glaucous at first; scales mostly 3-4 pairs, smooth or with scattered resin blisters, sometimes with erect conic umbos to 4 mm, especially on apical scales. Seeds mostly 4-6 mm, light tan to dark brown, not glaucous to heavily glaucous.  Bark texture and foliage features have been used to distinguish geographic varieties or segregate species. Although bark texture may be consistent within populations, over the species as a whole there is complete intergradation between smooth and fibrous barks."  (Flora of North America online).

Habitat/ecology:  "Canyon bottoms, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral; 750-2000 m"  (Flora of North America online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  United States (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas), northern Mexico; cultivated elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2011)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island		Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 410171) Taxon name on voucher: Cupressus arizonica Greene
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawaiian Islands	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) Used for reforestation. Does best at elevations over 2,500 feet.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island		Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 423501) Taxon name on voucher: Cupressus arizonica Greene
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island		Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.) (1948) (voucher ID: BISH 115357) Taxon name on voucher: Cupressus arizonica Greene
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 64) Vouchers cited: J. Bernier 376, Buchholz 1627, Baumann 8446; var bonita, MacKee 40670

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 45)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011) Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah

Additional information:
Information from the U.S. Forest Service Fire Effects Information System.
Fact sheet from the U.S. Forest Service (PDF format).

Additional online information about Cupressus arizonica is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Cupressus arizonica as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Cupressus arizonica may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.). 1948. Voucher specimen #BISH115357(Neal, M.C. s.n.).

Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.). 1975. Voucher specimen #BISH410171(Herbst, D.R. 5226).

Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.). 1976. Voucher specimen #BISH423501(Little, E.L. Jr. 31142).

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 2011. Flora of North America North of Mexico (online edition).

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

McCormack, Gerald. 2011. Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. 2005. A tropical garden flora: plants cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and other tropical places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 908 pp.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).