L., Rubiaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: High risk (based on second screen), score: 2 (Go to the risk assessment)
Common name(s): [more details]
Chamorro: cafe, kafé |
Chinese: xiao li ka fei |
English: Arabian coffee, arabica coffee, coffee, coffeetree |
Fijian: kofe, kove |
French: café, caféier d' Arabie, cafeier |
Mangarevan: cape |
Maori (Cook Islands): kaope, kaope Maori |
Marquesan: kafe |
Niuean: kofe |
Palauan: kohi |
Samoan: kofe |
Spanish: café, cafeto, cafeto arábico, cafeto de Arabia |
Tahitian: taofe |
Tongan: kofi |
Habit: tree
Description: "Small tree or shrub; leaves dark glossy green, oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, acute to acuminate, acute at base, midrib prominent on both surfaces, lateral nerves 7-13 pairs, commonly 5-20 cm long, on petioles about 1 cm long; axils with several short triflorous cymes, pedicels about 4 mm long; bracts deltoid 3 mm long; corolla white, fragrant, 7-10 mm long, usually 5-lobed; anthers 7-8 mm long; fruit red, ellipsoid or oblong, 2-3 (-5)-celled (rarely 1-celled)" (Stone, 1970; p. 542).
Habitat/ecology: "The native range of coffee lies at 1,370 to 1,830 m in elevation (Wrigley 1988). In higher latitudes, altitude becomes less critical. Optimum temperatures range from 15 to 24° C. Growth is impaired above 25° C. The species requires a minimum of 1200 to 1500 mm of annual precipitation. Precipitation in excess of 2500 to 3000 mm begins to be detrimental (Wrigley 1988). Although the species tolerates soil pH's from 4 to 8, pH's of 5.2 to 6.2 are preferred. Good drainage is essential, and soil textures lighter than clays are best (Willson 1985). Coffee is tolerant of shade and usually grows in the forest understory. Also, it will grow well and is often cultivated in full sun" (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).
"Prefers deep, fertile soils associated with rainforest areas in tropical or sub-tropical climates" (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 102). Shade-tolerant, seedlings come in under the forest canopy.
In Hawaii, "widely cultivated and well naturalized by the mid-1800s primarily in mesic to wet, disturbed sties, usually valleys or along streambeds, often locally abundant, 30-580 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1362-1363). In Fiji, "cultivated and sparingly naturalized along roads and in forest along creeks from near sea level to an elevation of 900 m" (Smith, 1988; pp. 223-224). In the Galápagos Islands, "cultivated in the wetter belts on some of the larger islands..., escaped and reproducing spontaneously in the forest, especially in areas abandoned and allowed to revert to jungle" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 430-432).
Propagation: Seeds, often dispersed by birds, fruit bats and rats (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 102).
Native range: Ethiopia, Kenya and Sudan; widely cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics (GRIN).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
|
Pickard, J. (1984) (p. 207) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 21)
"An escape from cultivation, naturalised to a limited extent". Vouchers cited: A.N. Rodd 1723 (K, NSW); 1898, J.H. Maiden (NSW) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 10)
"An escape from cultivation, naturalised to a limited extent". Vouchers cited: W.R. Sykes NI 451 (CHR); 1902, J.H. Maiden & J.L. Boorman (NSW) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Rapa Nui (Easter) Island |
Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua) |
introduced
invasive |
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2008) (p. 28) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Aitutaki Atoll | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 79) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 85) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 91) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 97) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
invasive |
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 89) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 65)
Voucher: Flynn 7000 (PTBG, BISH, US) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 173845)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 173846)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 342)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica |
|
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group |
Floreana Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 23)
Heavily naturalized at Keplewan. |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 92) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 127)
Voucher cited: M. Takamatsu 770 (BISH) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1988) (pp. 223-224)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 1219, DA 11707, Smith 4437, Gillespie 3835, Gillespie 3976, Degener 14722, DA 11723, H.B.R. Parham 205, DA 11637, Gillespie 2514, DA 12173, DA 15600, Parks 20166 Sparingly naturalized. |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 15516)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 15517)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 15519)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 33519)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1941) (voucher ID: BISH 173865)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 173866)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 173867)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 173868)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 173869)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1951) (voucher ID: BISH 173870)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 173871)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 173872)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Agakauitai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Akamaru Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Akamaru Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: St. John 14709 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Aukena Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: St. John 14486 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: St. John 14765 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: D.H. Lorence, W.L. Wagner, J. Florence, Y. Sé'chan & S. Bishop 6145 (PAP), J. Florence 7330 (PAP), D.H. Lorence, L. Dunn, S.P. Perlman, K.R. Wood & J.-Y. Meyer 9033 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 546546)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 7928)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 23585)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39341)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4158 (PAP), J. Florence 4247 (PAP), J. Florence 4420 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 554384)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 555116)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 555147)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39393)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39581)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica |
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 7261 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Huahine Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 130) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 232)
Voucher cited: BRY 25431 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 64)
Vouchers cited: Gillette 10 (US), Fosberg 64881 (US) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Gillette 10 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1985) (voucher ID: BISH 614425)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1985) (voucher ID: BISH 614945)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 232)
Voucher cited: Florence 4781 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 2241 (PAP), J. Florence 4781 (PAP), J.-C. Jolinon 1346 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 22323)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 492573)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 493279)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 599278)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 599280)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 232)
Vouchers cited: Moore 240, BRY 26626, BRY 26636 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 3438 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahaa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 232)
Voucher cited: Florence 3889 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 3889 (PAP) Naturalisée. |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 494008)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1984) (voucher ID: BISH 554209)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Makatea (Maatea) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 5686 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553013)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rapa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6079 (PAP) Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 552841)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 542)
Naturalized in a few places. |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kahoolawe Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1120-1121) |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
|
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 102)
Not seen on this survey and may no longer be present. |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Maré |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 122)
Vouchers cited: Däniker 2650, Lauri 178 (NOU) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 122)
Vouchers cited: Baudouin 239 s.loc., Grunow s.n. (W), Compton 469 (BM), Cayla s.n., Baumann 14423, MacKee 21979, Fallen 182 (NOU), MacKee 38078; var. "Café Leroy", vouchers cited: Cherrier in MacKee 36066, MacKee 38075 Spontané |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 122)
Voucher cited: Cherrier in MacKee 40587 |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Raoul Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 135)
Relic of cultivation. |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Raoul Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R./West, C. J. (1996) (p. 460)
Died out naturally. |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 175)
Uncommon |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 23) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 112)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 10199 (BISH) "Occasional in thickets as an escape". |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 41) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 84) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 263) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 80) |
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
Bismarck Archipelago |
cultivated
|
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (pp. 533, 535)
Cultivated in both large and small quantities. |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 543)
Widely scattered in cultivation. |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
|
St. John, H. (1987) (p. 51)
Voucher cited: St. John 15034 |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 66) |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 83836)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417413)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Tonga
Haapai Group |
Lifuka and Foa Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 72) |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 52) |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 251)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15226 |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 173822)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 173823)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 65) |
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands |
Erromango Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 173864)
Taxon name on voucher: Coffea arabica L. |
|
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis and Futuna Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013)
naturalisée |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 102) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Cultivated in moist, usually cool tropical regions; 200-700 m. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
introduced
cultivated |
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 262) |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Java |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Cultivated in moist, usually cool tropical regions; 200-700 m. |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Cultivé/subspontané" |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Cousin Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 32)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 52130 (US) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Comments: Some naturalization reported in Guam.
Parham (1972; p. 45) reports considerable naturalization on the edges of forests and along hill tracks up to 300 m in Samoa.
C. robusta and C. liberica also naturalize.
Control:
Physical: Seedlings may be hand-pulled.