Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Carolinian: l–ú

Chamorro: nijog, niyog, niyog, niyok, nizok, tuba

Chuukese: nu, nu, núú

English: coconut, coconut palm, heari

Fijian: niu, niu ndina

French: cocotier

Hawaiian: niu, ololani

I-Kiribati: te ni

Kapingamarangi: niu, tiniu

Kosraean: koanu, kwanu, nu

Kwara‘ae: niu

Maori (Cook Islands): niu, niu, nū, nū, nū, pū-nū, pūnū, tumu-nū

Marshallese: ni, nimaro, nimir, nimur, niram, nirik, niwinmej, niwollab

Niuean: niu

Nukuoro: niu, nu

Palauan: lius, nius

Pingelapan: ni

Pohnpeian: mo nih, ni, ni, nih, nu

Pukapukan: niu

Rakahanga-Manihiki: nī, nī

Samoan: niu, niu

Satawalese: nu

Spanish: coco, cocotero, cocotero

Tahitian: niu, tumu ha‘ari

Tongan: niu

Tongarevan: niu

Tuvaluan: niu

Ulithian: lu

Woleaian: duu, liu, lu, nu nug

Yapese: lu, lu, lu, lu nu, lun, niiw, niu

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Tree to 25 m tall, trunk often somewhat curved.  Leaves arranged in a terminal cluster, pinnately compound, to 6 m long; leaflets to 1 m long.  Flowers unisexual (plants monoecious), in axillary clusters to 1.5 m long, staminate and pistillate flowers found on the same inflorescence, with 2 large bracts beneath.  Corolla of staminate flower yellow, 1 cm long, petals 3, stamens 6.  Corolla of pistillate flower yellow, 2.5 cm across, petals 3.  Fruit a large drupe composed of 3 distinct layers, the outer yellowish orange when mature, the middle thick and fibrous, the inner hard and bony, to 30 cm long; seed 1, large and hollow, containing a nutritive tissue known as 'endosperm'."  (McMullen, 1999)

"Trunk up to 30 m tall, usually somewhat curved from an often thickened base.  Leaves up to 6 m long, sometimes longer, leaf segments up to 1 m long.  Inflorescences up to 1.8 m long; flowers yellow, fragrant, staminate ones 1-1.5 cm long, pistillate ones ca. 2.5 cm in diameter.  Fruit 20-30 cm or more long"  (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1362-1363).

Habitat/ecology:  An early introductions throughout the Pacific, widely cultivated. In Hawai‘i, "persistiing and sparingly naturalized in areas of previous cultivation, primarily coastal sites" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1362-1363). Coastal zone in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 97).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Origin unknown, possibly Malesian" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1362-1363).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 165)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 165)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Rose Atoll		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 165)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 165)
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island		Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 18)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Aunu‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 165)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Aguijan (Agiguan, Aguihan) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Asuncion Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Farallon de Medinilla (Marpi, Medinilla) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Farallon de Pajaros (Uracas) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Guguan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manuae Atoll (Northern Cook Islands)	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Nassau Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Pukapuka Atoll	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Rakahanga Atoll	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Suwarrow Atoll	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Palmerston (Avarau) Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Takutea Island	probably native cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Etal (Ettan) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	East Fayu Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Kuop (Neoch) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Losap Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Murilo (Mwiriné) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Nama Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	introduced	Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 28)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Nomwin (Nómwiin) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (pp. 37-38)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Satawan Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Ant Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Mokil Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Ngatik (Ngetik) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pingelap Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Glassman, S. F. (1952) (pp. 109-110)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Eauripik Atoll	introduced	Merlin, M./Kigfas, A./Keene, T./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 112)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 4)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Faraulep (Faraulap) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Gaferut Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Lamotrek Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 5) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46952 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Sorol Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 437) Voucher cited: Leslie & Delai s.n.
French Polynesia Clipperton Island	Clipperton (Arue, Avera) Island		Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 92)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 12)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 12)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (pp. 18-19)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 371) Voucher cited: Cartier 146
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 24)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 371) Voucher cited: Moore 431
French Polynesia Society Islands	Manuae (Scilly) Atoll (Society Islands)	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 24)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 12)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 371) Voucher cited: Tilden 1140
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 39)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 15)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Manihi Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 15)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raroia Atoll		Doty, Maxwell S. (1954) (p. 25)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 15)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 138)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced invasive	Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 295) Naturalized
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Japan (offshore islands) Marcus Island	Marcus Island (Minami Tori Shima)	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Banaba Island	Banaba (Ocean) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Line Islands	Caroline Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Kepler, Angela K./Kepler, Cameron B. (1994) (p. 44)
Kiribati Line Islands	Flint Island	introduced cultivated	St. John, Harold/Fosberg, F. Raymond (1937) (p. 4) Voucher cited: St. John & Fosberg 17441 (BISH)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	cultivated	Chock, Alvin K./Hamilton, Jr., Dean C. (1962) (p. 3)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 18)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 18)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 18)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced	Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 172)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abaiang Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Aranuka Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Kuria Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Makin Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Nonouti Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	cultivated	Moul, Edwin T. (1957) (p. 9) Vouchers cited: Moul 8373 (US), Moul 8411 (US)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tabiteuea Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tamana Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinginae (Ailiginae) Atoll	introduced abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinglaplap (Ailinglapalap) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ebon (Epoon) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Fosberg 24316 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 8) Voucher cited: Fosberg 39454 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 2) "Abundant; in most habitats, except cleared fields and grassy areas".
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Lae Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Namu Atoll	introduced abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Rongelap (Roñlap) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Rongerik (Roñdik) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujelang Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	introduced abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Aur Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Bikar (Pikaar) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Erikub (Ãdkup) Atoll	introduced abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33899 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 31)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Maloelap Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mejit (Mãjej) Island	introduced abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Wotje (Wõjjã)Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Walpole	introduced	Renevier, Alain/Cherrier, Jean-Francois (1991) (p. 15)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 111) Voucher cited: MacKee 16238
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R./West, C. J. (1996) (p. 451)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 188) Voucher cited: CHR 170304
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 50)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 27)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Merir Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Pulo Ana Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 82)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H./Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 30)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 25) Voucher cited: R. A. Young 64
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native cultivated	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 58)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Ellison, Joanna C. (1990) (p. 26)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 353)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 57)
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Nui Atoll		Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 10)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Johnston Atoll	Johnston Island	introduced cultivated	Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 53)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	introduced cultivated	Rock, J. F. C. (1916) (pp. 44-48)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 18)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 10)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 6)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	uncertain if native cultivated	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 110) Naturalized
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (pp. 38, 39) On both main atoll and North Keeling Island.
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 147)

Comments:  Reported as possibly an invasive plant in the Galápagos Islands per Charles Darwin Research Station.

Additional information:  Fact sheet from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" (PDF format).
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Cocos nucifera is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Cocos nucifera may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

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