Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen, Lamiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 7 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert ex Morren (although there is disagreement as to whether or not these species are synonymous per Smith, 1985).

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: gulalen

Chuukese: apwii

English: Java glorybower, pagoda-flower, red clerodendrum, scarlet clerodendrum

Kwara‘ae: kakafae meo, kinilio

Maori (Cook Islands): pītate māma‘o, rākau tupopoku

Niuean: lauma pelu, talufe

Palauan: but a cherechar, butcherechár, butecherechar

Samoan: lau mamoi

Satawalese: abui, aubui vilifu

Tongan: ‘amo‘ula, kava, kava, kava kula, kava kula

Yapese: mooy

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Shrub or subshrub to 4 m high, often spreading by runners, the branchlets medullose or hollow and sulcate when dry, densely short-pubescent; leaves opposite, the petioles to 21 cm long, densely pubescent, the blades broadly ovate to ovate-rotund, 7-20 (-35) x 6-17 (-26) cm, deeply cordate at base, abruptly acute to short-acuminate at apex, entire to irregularly repand-denticulate at margin, usually pubescent above and copiously so beneath; inflorescences terminal, paniculate, loosely many-flowered, to 45 x 25 cm, often conspicuously bracteate, the branches bright red, the flowers showy; calyx campanulate, bright red, 3-5 (-9) mm long, 5-lobed, the lobes 1-3 mm long, acute, corolla hypocrateriform, red to vermilion, the tube slender, to 2.5 cm long, the limb spreading to 3 cm, the lobes obovate, to 15 x 10 mm, stamens and style bright red, exserted about 3 cm beyond corolla throat; fruit bright red or scarlet, turning purplish or black when mature, deeply 4-lobed, to 7 x 10 mm" (Smith, 1991; pp. 211-212).

Habitat/ecology:  Dry to moist disturbed areas at low elevations. Cultivated as an ornamental.  Weedy in plantations and disturbed areas. 

In Fiji, "frequently cultivated near sea level and is also naturalized, sometimes locally commonly, on the edges of cultivated areas, in clearings, and in coconut plantations"  (Smith, 1991; pp. 211-212). In Tonga, "occasional in open, waste areas" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 233). In New Caledonia, "peu cultivé; assez répandu en végétation secondaire à basse altitude" (MacKee, 1994; p. 138).

Propagation:  Seed, suckers; escapes from cultivation. Spread by fruit-eating birds.

Native range:  Malesia and eastward to the Society Islands, widely cultivated and sometimes naturalized. Fosberg et al. (1979; p. 234) list this species as native to Micronesia while Stone (1970; p. 505) lists it as a cultivated introduction to Guam.  Yuncker (1959; p. 233) gives the native range as "Java to Fiji and eastward to the Society Islands".

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9494
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 60) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9494 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 187016) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Voucher cited: Whistler 3339
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island	introduced	Ragone, Diane/Lorence, David H. (2003) (p. 49)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 37079) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp. var. var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Vouchers cited: Garber 699, Yuncker 9059
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 60) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9059 (BISH), Garber 699 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 187015) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 187017) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	probably introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1980) (p. 213) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3256 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	native	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 58)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane (2000) (p. Voucher specimen) Voucher: BMW 5809 (BISH, BRI, GUAM)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 652422) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2000) (voucher ID: BISH 687764) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxburgh) Walpers
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2000) (voucher ID: BISH 687765) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxburgh) Walpers
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1966) (voucher ID: PTBG 22221) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 652421) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	native	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 58)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 81992) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 79)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 85)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 186953) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 186954) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	native	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 57) Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 213 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 26)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 100) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 37722) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp. var. var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 12) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46712 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 11) Voucher cited: Fosberg & Evans 46889 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Tomil Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 652789) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1937) (voucher ID: BISH 187135) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 187136) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1948) (voucher ID: BISH 187137) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 490207) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Voucher cited: Smith 188
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1933) (voucher ID: BISH 187051) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 933
Fiji Fiji Islands	Oneata Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Voucher cited: Bryan 484
Fiji Fiji Islands	Oneata Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 187048) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ovalau Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Voucher cited: Smith 7474
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ovalau Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 187050) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Voucher cited: Gillespie 4712
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 187049) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Voucher cited: DA 16825
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 33652) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 211-212) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 11, DA 12342, DA 6064
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1961) (voucher ID: BISH 33653) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced cultivated	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 22) Voucher cited: Fosberg 11003 (BISH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Taravai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Taravai Island	introduced cultivated	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 22) Voucher cited: St. John 14826 (BISH)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 4424 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence & R. Tahuaitu 11557 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 2673 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 4040 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5732 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11424 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553658) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 5994 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 505)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1945) (voucher ID: BISH 187090) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 652337) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 652420) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 652424) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1978) (voucher ID: PTBG 22152) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1966) (voucher ID: PTBG 22222) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Parker, James L./Parsons, Bobby (2010) (p. 43) Voucher cited: J. Parker & R. McGuire BIED17 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawaiian Islands	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral/Imada, Clyde T. (2000) (p. 31)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2006) (p. 41) East Maui. Voucher cited: Starr & Starr 040518-1 (BISH), Flynn 257 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1319) Garden escape.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Frohlich, Danielle/Lau, Alex (2007) (p. 11) Voucher cited: A. Lau & D. Frohlich s.n. (BISH 725944)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (pp. 130-131) Adventive.
New Caledonia Îles Bélep (Belep Islands)	Île Art	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 138) Voucher cited: MacKee 19447
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 138) Voucher cited: Sarasin 783 (Z)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Maré	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 138) Vouchers cited: Sarasin 516 (Z), Franc 926
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 90)
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 100) "Potential invader".
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 138) Vouchers cited: de Pompéry s.n. s.loc., Sarasin s.n. (Z), MacKee 99839
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 213) Vouchers cited: CHR 169873, CHR 169874
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 39)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 26) Voucher: Flynn 6696 (PTBG, US, NIUE)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 49)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 102) Rarely planted. Voucher cited: Yuncker 9799 (BISH) "Occasional in thickets and waste areas".
Niue Niue	Niue Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2000) (voucher ID: PTBG 30196) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walpers
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 88)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 652791) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 652842) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 84)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 20)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 646452) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 689881) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindley) Bakhuizen
Palau Palau (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 20) Voucher: Lorence 9783 (PTBG, BNM, NY, TAMU, US)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 76) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendron buchanani (Roxb.) Walpers var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 80)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2010) (p. 31) Voucher cited: Lorence 8180 (PTBG)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1998) (voucher ID: PTBG 28560) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp. var. fallax (Lindl.) Backh.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 80)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 652843) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1967) (voucher ID: BNM 825) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum Van Geert.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1967) (voucher ID: PTBG 22307) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngercheu Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngercheu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92) Carp Resort
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngercheu Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 20) Carp Resort
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 80)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 90)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 652844) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 661582) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1950) (voucher ID: PTBG 22778) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii
Palau Rock Islands	Aulupse‘el Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 234)
Palau Rock Islands	Aulupse‘el Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngchelobel Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeanges Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeanges Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 652790) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum speciosissimum van Geert
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeanges Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1946) (voucher ID: PTBG 22459) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii
Palau Rock Islands	Ngerchong Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 20)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngerchong Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (2005) (voucher ID: BNM 1020) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeremdiu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngidech Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngidech Island	native	Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996)
Palau Rock Islands	Ulong Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago		Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (pp. 481-483) Common; one of the first volunteers on uncultivated plantation land, also at bush margins and in open parts of the secondary forest.
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island		Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 63)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 69)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 187019) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 66)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1904) (voucher ID: BISH 187014) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 187018) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 187020) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 418053) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Mikira (San Cristobal) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 187062) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Ndeni (Santa Cruz) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1971) (voucher ID: BISH 79295) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendron buchanani (Roxb.) Walpers
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Santa Isabel (Bughotu) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1933) (voucher ID: BISH 187063) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 58)
Tokelau Tokelau Islands	Tokelau Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 90)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka and Foa Islands	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 72)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 59)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 80) Voucher cited: Soakai 400
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 233) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15352
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 186974) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 80) Vouchers cited: Ilolahai 160, Soakai 263
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 65)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 233) Voucher cited: Yuncker 16127
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 186973) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Malakula (Malekula) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 628516) Taxon name on voucher: Clerodendrum buchanani var. fallax (Lindl.) Bakh.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 27) Cultivated only

Additional information:
Additional online information about Clerodendrum buchananii is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Clerodendrum buchananii as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Clerodendrum buchananii may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1967. Voucher specimen #BNM825(Hardy 41).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 2005. Voucher specimen #BNM1020(Costion 1020).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 187062 (Brass, L.J. 3140).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1904. Voucher specimen #BISH 187014 (Vaupel, F. 13).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 187018 (Eames, A.J. 10).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 187017 (Garber, D.W. 699).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1924. Voucher specimen #BISH 187019 (Bryan Jr, E.H. 105).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1924. Voucher specimen #BISH 187048 (Bryan Jr, E.H. 48417).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1928. Voucher specimen #BISH 187049 (Gillespie, J.W. 4712).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 186953 (Wilder, G.P. 1011).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 186954 (Wilder, G.P. 1011).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 187020 (Christophersen, E. 970).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1933. Voucher specimen #BISH 187051 (Smith, A.C. 188).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1933. Voucher specimen #BISH 187063 (Brass, L.J. 3465).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 187136 (Takamatsu, M. 1878).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1937. Voucher specimen #BISH 187135 (Hosokawa, T. 8924).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 187015 (Yuncker, T.G. 9059).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 187016 (Yuncker, T.G. 9494).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1945. Voucher specimen #BISH 187090 (Conover, J.T. 518).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 652422 (Fosberg, F.R. 25148).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 652789 (Hosaka, E.Y. 3259).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 652790 (Fosberg, F.R. 25824).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 652791 (Fosberg, F.R. 25942).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1948. Voucher specimen #BISH 187137 (Wong, C.C.Y. 331).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1950. Voucher specimen #BISH 652842 (Fosberg, F.R. 31985).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1950. Voucher specimen #BISH 652844 (Fosberg, F.R. 32012).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1950. Voucher specimen #BISH 661582 (Fosberg, F.R. 32158).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 186973 (Yuncker, T.G. 16127).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 186974 (Yuncker, T.G. 15352).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 187050 (Smith, A.C. 7474).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1961. Voucher specimen #BISH 33653 (Pillay, S. 12342).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1965. Voucher specimen #BISH 652843 (Fosberg, F.R. 47595).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1966. Voucher specimen #BISH 652337 (Evans, M. 1508).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1966. Voucher specimen #BISH 652420 (Evans, M. 1765).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1966. Voucher specimen #BISH 652421 (Evans, M. 2295).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1969. Voucher specimen #BISH 33652 (Smith, A.C. 16825).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1969. Voucher specimen #BISH 81992 (Stoddart, D.R. 2256).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1971. Voucher specimen #BISH 79295 (Yen, D.E. 19903).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 418053 (Whistler, W.A. W 1837).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1978. Voucher specimen #BISH 652424 (Fosberg, F.R. 58222).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1981. Voucher specimen #BISH 490207 (Teraoka, W. 432).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 553658 (Florence, J. 5732).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1988. Voucher specimen #BISH 628516 (Mueller-Dombois, D. 88111203).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1996. Voucher specimen #BISH 646452 (Rinehart, A.F. LR26429).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1996. Voucher specimen #BISH 689881 (Falanruw, M.V.C. LR26642).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2000. Voucher specimen #BISH 687764 (Waterhouse, B.M. BMW5809).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2000. Voucher specimen #BISH 687765 (Waterhouse, B.M. BMW5809).

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National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2001. Voucher specimen #PTBG37079(Diane Ragone 2001-20).

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