Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small, Euphorbiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Euphorbia prostrata Aiton

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: bodulagas-chaca

English: creeping spurge, prostrate sandmat, prostrate spurge, red caustic creeper

I-Kiribati: te tarai

Mangarevan: poke riki riki

Maori (Cook Islands): pakapapa

Marshallese: dãpijbok, dapijbok

Niuean: toto fifine

Pukapukan: ongoongo

Samoan: lau lili‘i, laulili‘i

Tahitian: papati

Tuamotuan: moemoe, nanamu

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Prostrate, branching annual herb, minutely puberulent; leaves opposite, on petioles about 1 mm long, blades oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, slightly inequilateral, obtuse or rounded, margins slightly denticulate, often sparsely puberulent dorsally, 2-6 mm long; stipules on upper side of stem distinct, linear, pilose, campanulate or turbinate, usually glabrous, 0.5-0.65 mm long; nectaries 4, minute, appendage obscure; lobes 5; capsule nodding, whitish-ciliate only on its angles, elsewhere glabrous, 1.1 mm tall; styles very short; seeds narrowly ovoid, truncate basally, apically obtuse, tetragonal, reddish or grayish, 0.8 mm long, 5-7-grooved transversely"  (Stone, 1970; p. 375).

Habitat/ecology:  "Common around houses and in other sunny disturbed places" (Whistler, 1988; p. 18).

In Hawai‘i, "naturalized and relatively common in low elevation, dry, disturbed sites" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 613).  In Fiji, "found at elevations from near sea level to about 150 m as a weed in gardens, lawns, etc." (Smith, 1981; p. 573).  In Niue, "a common weed, especially on disturbed, open ground such as in plantations" (Sykes, 1970; p. 89).  In Tonga, "frequent as a lawn weed about dwellings and in waste areas" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 169).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Southern United States to South America, the West Indies and the Paleotropics" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 613).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Voucher cited: Whistler 3446
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Vouchers cited: Harris 86, Harris 342, Yuncker 9116
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Whistler 3413
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Anon. (1988) (p. 1)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced	Pickard, J. (1984) (p. 206)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 19) As Euphorbia prostrata Aiton. "Common in cultivated and disturbed ground". Vouchers cited: J. Pickard 2951 (NSW); 1979, B. Miller (NSW)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 8) As Euphorbia prostrata Aiton. "Common in cultivated and disturbed ground". Vouchers cited: P.S. Green 1438 (A), P. Ralston 45 (A)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Aguijan (Agiguan, Aguihan) Island	introduced	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 42)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Fosberg 31380 (US, BISH, Fo, NY)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Pukapuka Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Rakahanga Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Suwarrow Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Pis Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Satawan Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Udot Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	native invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 9) Voucher cited: Evans 383 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 573) Voucher cited: DA 8956
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 573) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 154, 1284, 922; DA 11221; DA 9875; DA 3296; DA 7418; DA 11554; DA 11594; Tothill 753
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maiao (Maiaoiti, Mauiti, Tupuaemanu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 41) Voucher cited: Fosberg 64864 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	University of California (2006) "Common lawn and roadside weed".
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 105) Voucher cited: Moore 340
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 105) Voucher cited: Grant 4517
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 105) Voucher cited: Grant 4836
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	introduced invasive	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 19) Voucher cited: Sachet 1972 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Ana‘a Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Manihi Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Manihi Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Sachet 1850 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Marutea Sud (Marutea South) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raroia Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raroia Atoll		Doty, Maxwell S. (1954) (p. 27)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Sachet 2072 (US), Sachet 1073 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takume (Takurea) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Tuamotu Islands		Welsh, S. L. (1998)
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Tubuai (Tupuai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (1997) (pp. 48-50)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 375)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Hughes, Guy D'Oyly (1995) (pp. 4-5) Voucher cited: Hughes 8 (US) Common in mixed lowland shrubland, lowland grassland, and other dry, disturbed sites.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613) Voucher cited: Forbes 1023.O (BISH)
Japan (offshore islands) Marcus Island	Marcus Island (Minami Tori Shima)	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 26)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 26)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 26)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 25) Vouchers cited: Degener & Hateway 21299 (BISH), Fosberg & Stoddart 54779 (US, HAW, K), Luomala 29 (BISH), Clapp P-71-5 (US), Clegern 43 (BISH), Fosberg 30880 (US), Fosberg 55715 (US, BISH)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced	Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 173) Voucher cited: Luomala 29
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Manra (Sydney) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 25) Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 54860 (US, HAW, K)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Orona (Hull) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 25) Vouchers cited: Clegern 130 (BISH), Jenkin in 1965 (K), Fosberg & Stoddart 54788 (US, HAW, K), Bryan 48 (BISH, K)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abaiang Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 19)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 76) Voucher specimen collected: Imada 2003-136 (BISH 697748)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 77)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Maiana Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 79) Voucher specimen collected: Imada 2003-84 (BISH 697699)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Marakei Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 19)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll		Moul, Edwin T. (1957) (p. 15) Vouchers cited: Moul 8092 (US), Moul 8146 (US)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tabiteuea Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 73)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinglaplap (Ailinglapalap) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 36)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 23) Vouchers cited: Schnee 27 (NSW), Fosberg 26714 (US), Fosberg 39463 (US), Fosberg 41402 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 48) Vouchers cited: Wagner 3375, Fosberg 34122, Herbst 8907, Herbst 8919, Herbst 8977, Herbst 8999, Whistler 11160
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 13) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 34122 (US), Fosberg 26473 (?) (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34307 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. iii) Voucher cited: Anderson 3651
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 7) "Abundant; as weed in gravel areas around homes and in lawns, some ruderal areas".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33874(US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33829 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 92)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 130-131) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58630 (US), Fosberg 58631 (US), Scully 116N (US?), Thaman & Manner 22 (SUVA), Swarbrick 9552 (BRIU)
New Caledonia Récifs D'Entrecasteaux (D'Entrecasteaux Reefs)	Île Surprise	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 52) Vouchers cited: Däniker 735a, Cherrier in MacKee 43870
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands)	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 52) Vouchers cited: Däniker 2309, MacKee 28268
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 52) Vouchers cited: A. Heim s.n. (Z), Däniker 735, MacKee 4046, Nothis 6 (NOU), Gaillard 78
New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) New Guinea Island	New Guinea Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 89) Voucher cited: CHR 169736
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 18)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 32)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 76) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9861 (BISH), Yuncker 9931 (BISH) "A common weed in lawns and waste areas".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 40)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 100)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 96)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 138)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 96)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 96)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngchus Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 108)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 18)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 73)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 169) "Frequent throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 22) Vouchers cited: Soakai 390, Soakai 991 (EI)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 169) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15645
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 22) Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 1532?, Soakai 251, Soakai 252, Soakai 455, Soakai 533
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 169) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15090
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Tuvalu Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Johnston Atoll	Johnston Island	introduced invasive	Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 56)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 612-613)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 15) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 34455, Fosberg 34939
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Sachet 869 (US)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 13) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 34455 (US), Fosberg 34939 (US)
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 92)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 114)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 152) "Seen by Wiehe in 1939".
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 157-158)

Additional information:  Additional online information about Chamaesyce prostrata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Chamaesyce prostrata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

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