With., Brassicaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: wan qu sui mi ji |
English: common bittercress, greater bittercress, wavy bitter cress, wood bittercress, woodland bittercress |
Japanese: tanetsuke-bana |
Habit: herb
Description: "Annual or biennial herbs; stems flexuous, ascending to weakly erect, 1-3 dm long, ± sparsely hirsute to subglabrate. Leaves thin, odd-pinnately compound with 3-11 leaflets, basal leaves usually with more leaflets than cauline leaves, the leaflets ovate to reniform, rarely lanceolate, blades of lateral leaflets 2-10 mm long, 1.5-15 mm wide, 3-5-lobed, the terminal leaflet usually larger, 5-15 (-25) mm long, 6-17 mm wide, usually lobed similar to lateral leaflets, all leaflets sparsely hirsute to subglabrous, apex apiculate. Flowers in 1 to several racemes 10-20 cm long, pedicels (1-) 2-3 mm long at anthesis; petals white, 2.5-3 mm long, not exceeding the sepals; stamens usually 6, usually divaricately ascending. Siliques (1-) 1.4-2 (-2.5) cm long. Seeds 8-14 per cell, reddish brown, broadly oblong, 0.9-1.1 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 402-403).
Habitat/ecology: In Hawaii, "naturalized in wet to seasonally wet sites in low elevation, disturbed areas to open or shaded areas at higher elevations in wet forest, especially in gulches or streambeds" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 403). In New Zealand, "weed of cultivation and bush remnants. Cardamine flexuosa is found more often in damper sites than Cardamine hirsuta" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 412).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Eurasia (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 403).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
invasive |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 402-403)
Voucher cited: U.S. Expl. Exped. s.n. (US) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 402-403) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2003) (p. 8)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H40130 (BISH, PTBG) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 402-403) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Hughes, Guy D'Oyly (1995) (p. 2)
Voucher cited: Hughes s.n. (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 402-403) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria Naturalized |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
"Fields, roadsides, grasslands, disturbed sites, streamsides, clearings, running water, wet forests, dry sites, greenhouses; near sea level to 3600 m". |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 110) |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
North Korea
North Korea |
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South Korea
South Korea |
South Korea (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 412) |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Cardamine flexuosa, please let us know.