Campanula rapunculoides L., Campanulaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Other Latin names:  Campanula cordifolia K. Koch; Campanula rhomboidalis Gorter; Campanula trachelioides M. Bieb.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: clochettes, creeping bellflower, European bellflower, Lygurian bellflower, rampion bellflower, rover bellflower, roving bellflower

French: campanule fausse-raiponce

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Hairy or hispid rhizomatous perennial, with erect stems to 1 m tall and creeping, slender rhizomes. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves with long slender petioles > lamina; lamina 6-10 x 3-6 cm, ovate, hairy, especially on veins below, crenate-serrate; base subcordate or cordate; apex short-acuminate or acute; most cauline leaves sessile or shortly petiolate, 5-15 x 0.7-5 cm, narrow-ovate or lanceolate; base cuneate to attenuate, otherwise similar to basal leaves. Lower bracts similar to upper cauline leaves; upper bracts linear to subulate, mostly > pedicels. Racemes long, terminal, puberulent; flowers secund, ± nodding; pedicels c. 5 mm long, puberulent, becoming ± recurved by anthesis. Calyx teeth c. 7 mm long, narrowly oblong or lanceolate, hairy or glabrate, reflexed. Corolla 2-3 cm long, campanulate-funnelform, violet-blue or bluish mauve; lobes = or slightly < tube, not spreading widely or reflexing. Stigmas 3-(4). Capsule 3-celled, 6-9 mm long, obovoid, dehiscing by basal slits"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 460).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "roadsides, old cemeteries, neglected gardens and similar habitats not far from habitation"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 460).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Europe and western Asia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 477, 523, 552) Voucher cited: Danton H(1505)1266. "Escapada de los jardines donde se reproduce bien, se encuentra aqui y allá en el pueblo de San Jaun Bautista en RC".

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "Naturalised in Kosciuszko National Park in disturbed snow gum woodland".
Canada Province of British Columbia	Canada (British Columbia)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
Canada Canada	Canada (country)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 189)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 460)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Information from "Invasive Plants of Wisconsin" (University of Wisconsin Extension).
Fact sheet from Washington State University Extension.

Additional online information about Campanula rapunculoides is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Campanula rapunculoides as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Campanula rapunculoides may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.