Calyptocarpus vialis Less., Asteraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Synedrella vialis (Less.) A. Gray

Common name(s): [more details]

English: calyptocarpus, straggler daisy

Spanish: hierba de caballo

Habit:  herb

Description: 

Genus:  "Perennial herbs; stems sprawling to prostrate, (1-) 2-6 dm long.  Leaves simple, opposite, deltate, margins serrate, petiolate.  Heads solitary or rarely more than in the leaf axils, radiate; involucral bracts 3-5, herbaceous, partially overlapping; receptacle chaffy; ray florets pistillate and fertile; disk florets perfect and fertile, 4-merous; pappus consisting of a pair of stout, spreading marginal awns.  Achenes of 2 slightly different types, the inner one somewhat flattened, the margins rounded, the peripheral ones sometimes with lacerate thickenings on the margins toward apex."

Species:  "Stems often rooting at the nodes.  Leaves 1-3 (-6) cm long, 1-2 (-4) cm wide, petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long.  Involucral bracts 5-10 mm long, the inner ones shorter and narrower; rays yellow, 1.5-3 mm long; disk corollas ca. 2.5 mm long; pappus awns 1-2 (-4) mm long.  Achenes tuberculate"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 284).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "a weed of disturbed habitats, especially lawns, often forming a dense ground cover" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 284).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Texas south to Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Cuba" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 284).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 67)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 20) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H40508 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2006) (pp. 10-11) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, G. Hanse & J. Bruch H10402 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 284)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 284)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 284)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 284)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 284) Voucher cited: Fosberg 44449 (US)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 73) Voucher: Imada 2003-26 (BISH 697641)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Bruegmann, Marie M. (1999) (p. 1) Voucher cited: Bruegmann 2019 (BISH) Rare
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-5)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Costa Rica Costa Rica	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
El Salvador El Salvador	El Salvador (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Guatemala Guatemala	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Calyptocarpus vialis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Calyptocarpus vialis as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Calyptocarpus vialis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bruegmann, Marie M. 1999. New records of flowering plants on Midway Atoll. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1998. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 59:1-2.

Oppenheimer, Hank. 2007. New plant records from Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, and Hawai‘i for 2006. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2006. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96:17-34.

Oppenheimer, Hank L. 2006. New Hawai‘i plant records for 2004. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004-2005. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 88:10-15.

Raulerson, L. 2006. Checklist of Plants of the Mariana Islands. University of Guam Herbarium Contribution 37:1-69. .

Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. 2004. Report to the Republic of Kiribati on invasive plant species on the islands of Tarawa, Abemama, Butaritari and Maiana. Cont. no. 2003-006 to the Pac. Biol. Surv. USDA Forest Service and Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 103 pp.

Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd. 2008. Botanical survey of Midway Atoll. Prepared for: United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 27 pp. plus appendices.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Whistler, W. A. 1995. Wayside Plants of the Islands. Isle Botanica, Honolulu. 202 pp.