Calotis lappulacea Benth., Asteraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: bur daisy, yellow burr daisy

Habit:  herb

Description:  "A perennial, sometimes almost woody at the base, with numerous erect or ascending slender branching stems of 1/2 to 1 ft., more or less hirsute especially in the lower part, rarely entirely glabrous. Lower leaves oblong-cuneate and often toothed or lobed, upper ones linear and entire, sometimes all under 1/4 inch., sometimes those in the middle of the stems 1/2 in. long. Flower-heads small, when in fruit scarcely 3 lines diameter. Involucral bracts linear-lanceolate or oblong, sometimes slightly cuneate, ciliate and hispid. Ray-florets yellow, small and narrow. Achenes muricate. Pappus of 1 to 4 rigid barbed awns about 1 line long and 1 or more very short ones, all hirsute at the base, the total number varying from 4 to 8" (Bentham, 1866; p. 504).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "Open areas & poor pasture. Prefers dry open areas but tolerates a wide range of soil & climatic conditions"  (Auckland Regional Council).  In New Caledonia, "espèce connue à présent d'une seule localité, où elle est abondante et serait présente depuis longtemps" (MacKee, 1994; p. 32).

Propagation:  "Seeds spread by wind or attachment via spurs to wool, fur, clothing & machinery"  (Auckland Regional Council).

Native range:  Australia, naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 32) Vouchers cited: Pancher 414, Balansa 23, MacKee 40255

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 187) "Dry eroded hill slopes, grasslands, waste places".

Control: 

Physical:  Grub out small plants.

Chemical:  "Weed wipe (50ml glyphosate/1L); Overall spray in spring (50ml clopyralid/10L or 60ml Tordon BK/10L or 60ml triclopyr +10ml penetrant/10L). Do not use clopyralid in home gardens  (Auckland Regional Council).

Additional information:
Additional online information about Calotis lappulacea is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Calotis lappulacea as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Calotis lappulacea may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bentham, G./Mueller, F. 1864. (1967 reprint). Flora Australiensis: A description of the plants of the Australian Territory. Reeve & Co.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

Swarbrick, John T. 1997. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. Technical paper no. 209. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 124 pp.

Tassin, Jacques. 2005. Jacques Tassin (IAC-CIRAD), personal communication.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.