Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb., Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: pacap, pakao

Chinese: ci guo su mu

Chuukese: nickaeoo

English: beach nicker, bonduc, divi-divi, gray nickers, nicker bean, wait-a-bit, yellow nicker

Fijian: nggalau sori, soni, soni ni Viti, wa nggiri

French: canique grise, z'yeux à chatte

Hawaiian: hihikolo, kākalaioa

Japanese: sirotuku

Kwara‘ae: kwalo dolo

Marshallese: jeimota, kāliklik, kãlõklõk

Nauruan: dogienae, dugienae

Niuean: alamoa, talamoa

Palauan: tochedulik, tocheulik

Pohnpeian: kehsaphl

Samoan: ‘anaoso, ‘anaoso, ‘anaoso vao, ‘anaoso vao, ‘ānoso, ‘ānoso, seu pe‘a, seu pe‘a

Spanish: chililica, hava de San Antonio, mato de playa, mora

Tahitian: papali, papati, tataramoa

Tongan: talatala‘amoa

Habit:  vine

Description:  "Climbers, prickly, yellowish pubescent throughout. Prickles straight or somewhat recurved. Leaves 30-45 cm; rachis with recurved prickles; pinnae 6-9 pairs, opposite; stipules deciduous, large, leaflike, usually lobed, lobes to 2 cm; leaflets 6-12 pairs, oblong, 1.5-4 x 1.2-2 cm, membranous, both surfaces pubescent, base oblique, apex rounded to acute, mucronate. Racemes axillary, long pedunculate, densely flowered in upper part and sparsely so in lower part; bracts caducous at anthesis, reflexed, subulate, 6-8 mm, pubescent. Pedicels 3-5 mm. Sepals 5, ca. 8 mm, both sides ferruginous hairy. Petals yellowish; standard tinged with red spots, oblanceolate, clawed. Filaments short, hairy in basal part. Ovary hairy. Legume oblong, 5-7 x 4-5 cm, leathery, apex rounded and with beak, swollen, with dense, slender spines 5-10 mm. Seeds 2 or 3, grayish, shiny, ovoid to globose"  (Flora of China online).

"Woody climber with spiny stems and rachises; prickles of rachises recurved, hook-like; leaves 30-80 cm long, with 4.6 pairs of pinnae (rarely 9 or 10); pinnae pubescent, young growth brown-pubescent; stipules foliaceous, flowers dull yellow, about 1 cm long, in simple or panicled racemes; pods oblong, inflated, prickly, 5-7 cm long, usually 1-2-seeded; seeds nearly spherical, glossy gray, about 1-1.4 cm in diameter" (Stone, 1970; p. 308).

Habitat/ecology:  "Gray nicker bean is intolerant of shade and is usually open-grown or at least grows in broken sunlight. It tolerates salt spray, salty soils, and occasional flooding with seawater. The species grows in all textures of mildly acid to alkaline soil. Annual rainfall in the areas where gray nicker bean grows in Puerto Rico ranges from 750 mm to 1800 mm. The species grows from sea level to 850 m in elevation in India (Parrotta 2001). It grows most frequently on the beach strand, on coastal dunes, and at the better-drained edge of mangroves. Gray nicker bean also grows inland in disturbed areas. It competes well with grass and herbs and may ascend into the crowns of low trees"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).  Coastal zone and moist uplands. (McMullen, 1999; p. 125).

Propagation:  Seed, transported by water and ocean currents.  "The stems layer (root) whenever they come in contact with the ground. Stems sprout when cut and lateral roots sometimes sucker. Clonal plants tend to remain attached to one another"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).

Native range:  Eastern Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea, U.S. (Florida), Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru (GRIN). Whether or not the species is native in the Galapagos Islands is undetermined, per the Charles Darwin Research Station.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Aunu‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: A.N. Rodd 1491 (K, NSW), A.C. Beauglehole 5778 (CANB, MEL), A.N. Rodd 1835 (NSW), J. Pickard 3333 (NSW)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 8) "Probably now extinct on Norfolk Island". Voucher cited: J. Backhouse 658 (K)
Chile (offshore islands) Rapa Nui (Easter) Island	Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua)	probably native	Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 72)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	native	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 34)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	possibly introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Satawan Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Tol Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (pp. 88-89) Vouchers cited: A. Dores 110 (BISH, NY, PTBG), B. Ekiek 93 (NY, PTBG), T.W. Flynn 6231 (AD, NY, PTBG, US), F.R. Fosberg 26386 (BISH), P. Raynor 120 (NY, PTBG)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 24637) Taxon name on voucher: Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 42820) Taxon name on voucher: Caesalpinia bonduc
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 48670) Taxon name on voucher: Caesalpinia bonduc
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
French Polynesia Clipperton Island	Clipperton (Arue, Avera) Island		Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 93)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J.-C. Thibault 1098 (PAP)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 6702 (PAP), J. Florence 8435 (PAP)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 4440 (PAP)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 140)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 308) Vouchers cited: Stone 4400 (GUAM), Stone 4503 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 647)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 647)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Laysan Island	native	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2003) (p. 11) Voucher cited: A. Martin 1 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 647) East Maui
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 647)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 647)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 647) Voucher cited: Didrichsen 3541 (BISH).
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands		Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Japan (offshore islands) Marcus Island	Marcus Island (Minami Tori Shima)	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tabiteuea Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 19) Voucher cited: Fosberg 41393 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Lae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 11) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34416 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 27)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i) Voucher cited: Anderson 3767
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	native	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (pp. 78-79)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Maloelap Atoll		Vander Velde, Nancy (year unknown)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mejit (Mãjej) Island	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 27)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mili (Mile) Atoll	native	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A12) Uncommon; small area south of old school on Mili, seedling on Nallo, few driftseeds found.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Wotje (Wõjjã) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 27)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Wotje (Wõjjã) Atoll	native	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2009) (p. 2) Voucher cited: Vander Velde 0515200905
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	native	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 137) Vouchers cited: Thaman & Manner 114 (SUVA), Hassall 158 (SUVA), Hassall 212 (SUVA), Hassall 269 (SUVA)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeanges Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 96)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago		Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 223) On foreshore and behind.
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 266) As Caesalpinia christa. In thickets along and near the seashore.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H./Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 31)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	native	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence , A.J. Chepstow-Lusty & S. Waldren 10835 (PAP)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 53)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Hotta 4194
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Nomuka Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 137) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15868
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 137) "Occasional throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 26) Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 15566?, Soakai 308
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 137) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15195
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 26) Vouchers cited: Buelow 1110 (n.s.?), Whistler 6301
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 137) Voucher cited: Hülimann 351
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 137) Cited: Crosby.
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 35)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	native	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-5) Voucher cited: Starr & Starr 080610-13
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	native	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2010) (p. 64) Voucher cited: Starr & Starr 080610-13 (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	native	Australian Biological Resources Study (2011)
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	native	Australian Biological Resources Study (2011)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	Australian Biological Resources Study (2011)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) "Thickets, roadsides, near seashores; near sea level to 200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan".
China China	Hong Kong	introduced	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 134)
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Costa Rica Costa Rica	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Ecuador (Mainland) Ecuador	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Guatemala Guatemala	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	West Papua Province (Indonesia) (western New Guinea Island) (formerly Irian Jaya)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Nicaragua Nicaragua	Nicaragua (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	native	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 21) Critically endangered
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) "Thickets, roadsides, near seashores; near sea level to 200 m".
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 17)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (pp. 37, 38) On both main atoll and North Keeling Island.
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Chagos Archipelago	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Topp, J. M. W. (1988) (p. 6)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	possibly native	Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 27)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 37928) Taxon name on voucher: Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.
Comoros Comoro Islands	Comoro Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Maldives Maldive Islands	Addu Atoll		Spicer, R. A./Newberry, D. MacC. (1979) (p. 11)
Maldives Maldive Islands	Maldive Islands	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Maldives Maldive Islands	Maldive Islands		Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 20) "Common in whole archipelago".
Maldives Maldive Islands	Malè Atoll		Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 20)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Rodrigues Island	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
French Territory of Mayotte Mayotte Islands	Mayotte Island	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Agalega Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 123) Voucher cited: Stoddart 7261 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Coetivy Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 149) Voucher cited: Robertson 3133 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Cousin Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Fosberg 52187 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Frégate Island		Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 51) Voucher cited: Robertson 2738
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Groupe d'Aldabra	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011)

Comments:  An introduced invasive in the Galápagos Islands. Occurs only inland, not on the seacoast as would be expected (Alan Tye, pers. com.).

Native to the rest of the Pacific, but should not be introduced where not already present. Where present, makes travel difficult due to its spines.

Additional information:
Fact sheet from "Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories: thamnic descriptions" (PDF format).

Additional online information about Caesalpinia bonduc is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Caesalpinia bonduc as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Caesalpinia bonduc may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Anderson, Donald. 1951. The plants of Arno Atoll, Marshall Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 7. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 4 pp. + 7 pp. appendix.

Australian Biological Resources Study. 2011. Flora of Australia Online. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.

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