Gand., Orobanchaceae
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Gand., Orobanchaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
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English: Florida bluehearts, savanna bluehearts |
Habit: herb
Description: "Annual or biennial herb, 20-60 cm. tall. Stem slender, simple, erect, slightly adpressed pilose-scabrid to subglabrous. Leaves remote, opposite, 3-6 cm. long, 3-13 mm. wide, the lower elliptic-lanceolate obtuse and obscurely trinerved, the upper linear-lanceolate, sub-acute, entire to subentire, hispid- verrucose above, shortly hispid beneath. Inflorescence 3-7 (-15) cm. long, lax; bracts ovate, subacuminate, about 3.0 mm. long; bracteoles narrow, shorter than bracts. Calyx erect, about 4.0-5.0 mm. long, with no nervations between the nerves; tube pubescent (except sometimes on the nerves) with short cripsed minutely callus-based hairs when young, becoming subglabrous to sub-verrucose in fruit. Corolla violet, blue or white; tube slender, externally softly and shortly pilose, little to twice as long as calyx; lobes triangular-obovate, variable in six, 2-5 mm. long, entire to subemarginate. Capsule subcompressed, spherical or ovoid, about 6.0 mm. long, longer than calyx when ripe; base of style not persistent" (Philcox, 1965; p. 305).
Key to differentiate Buchnera floridana from Buchnera americana: B. americana
: "Calyx 6 0-7.0 mm. long, totally pubescent with short
or long ascending adpressed simple to slightly callus-based hairs; capsule
oblong to oblong-ellipsoid, 6.5-8.0 mm. long, equal to or very slightly longer
than calyx.
B. floridana: Calyx 4.0-5.0 mm. long, totally pubescent to pubescent
in upper 1/3 only with short white crisped callus-based hairs; capsule ovoid
to spherical, 5.0-6.0 mm. long, longer than calyx" (Philcox, 1965; p. 279).
Habitat/ecology: In its native range, "occasionally in low-lying swamps, but usually in sandy acidic pine and palm barrens to an altitude of about 1000 m" (Philcox, 1965; p. 305).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "In the United States from the coastal plan of North Carolina and Florida, to Texas and occasionally into Georgia, Missouri, Alabama and Louisiana; the Bahamas, Greater Antilles and westward to British Honduras" (Philcox, 1965; p. 305).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
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Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 61)
As Buchnera floridana Small[?] |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
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Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 61)
As Buchnera floridana Small[?] |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1980) (voucher ID: PTBG 22750)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1978) (voucher ID: PTBG 22751)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39899)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana Gand. |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kili (Kõle) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 11)
As Buchnera americana L. "Common to locally abundant; air strip and other grassy fields, in yards and ruderal areas". |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 12)
As Buchnera americana. "Common to locally abundant; primarily in grassy and ruderal areas, but some invading native vegetation; informant working at Reimers' farm said it was very problematic as it conquers an area which is then taken over by Cassytha". |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 134)
As Buchnera americana L. "Several small patches found and it may be showing invasive qualities". |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Maloelap Atoll | Imada, Clyde (2006) | |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Mili (Mile) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A21)
As Buchnera americana L. Locally common; on runway and spreading out some to fields from there; single patch of white flowered plants on runway, Mili. Voucher 0725201007 (BISH, GUAM, PTBG) |
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Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
invasive |
Raulerson, L./Rinehart, A. F./Falanruw, M. C. (1996) (p. 35) |
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Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 125)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana |
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Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1998) (voucher ID: PTBG 27668)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana Gand. |
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Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2007) (voucher ID: PTBG 47513)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana |
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| Pacific Rim | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Guatemala
Guatemala |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Honduras
Honduras |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
| Indian Ocean | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 23868)
Taxon name on voucher: Buchnera floridana |
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| Also reported from | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
native
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Philcox, D. (1965) (p. 305) |
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United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
native
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Philcox, D. (1965) (p. 305) |
Additional information:
Additional online information about Buchnera floridana is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Information about Buchnera floridana as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Taxonomic information about Buchnera floridana may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
References:
Imada, Clyde. 2006. Flora of the Marshall Islands: Maloelap Atoll. Species determinations by Clyde Imada, Bishop Museum Herbarium, Hawai‘i. Unpublished checklist, 2 pp.
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2003. Voucher specimen #PTBG39899(Nancy Vander Velde 00113-d).
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.). 2008. Voucher specimen #PTBG125(David H. Lorence 9831).
Philcox, D. 1965. Contributions to the flora of tropical America: LXXIV. Revision of the new world species of Buchnera L. (Scrophulariaceae). Kew Bull. 19: 415 (1965), pp. 275-315.
Raulerson, L. 2006. Checklist of Plants of the Mariana Islands. University of Guam Herbarium Contribution 37:1-69. .
Raulerson, L./Rinehart, A. F./Falanruw, M. C. 1996. A botanical reconnaissance of the proposed Compact-impact road alignment on Babeldaob Island, Republic of Palau. U. of Guam Herbarium Cont. No. 32. 78 pp.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.
Vander Velde, Nancy. 0. Nancy Vander Velde, pers. com.
Vander Velde, Nancy. 2003. The vascular plants of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Smithsonian Institution, Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503:1-141.
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian. 2006. Plants of Kili Island, Marshall Islands. Unpublished checklist. 12 pp.
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian. 2007. Arno plants [preliminary working listing of plant species]. Unpublished checklist, 13 pp.
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian. 2010. Survey of Invasive Plant Species and Other Plants of Mili Atoll, Marshall Islands. USDA Forest Resource Management Grant Program. Unpublished report. 6 pp, plus tabulation of plants of Mili Atoll, 23 pp.