Brugmansia candida Pers., Solanaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

Low risk (based on second screen), score: 2 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))
Evaluate, score: 2 (go to the risk assessment (U.S. (Florida)))

Common name(s): [more details]

English: angel's trumpet, borrachero, white angel's-trumpet

Hawaiian: nānāhonua

Samoan: logo, logo, tagāmimi, tagāmimi

Spanish: campana, floripondio, guanto

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Large shrubs or small trees, up to 4 m tall, often spreading clonally, all parts densely pubescent with simple, erect, crisped hairs.  Leaves simple, alternate, ovate, to 15-25 cm long, 8-12 cm wide, entire, rarely with a few shallow lobes, apex acute to acuminate, base oblique, petioles up to 6 cm long.  Flowers solitary, pendulous, pedicels 3-5 cm long, stout in fruit; calyx tubular, spathe-like, split on 1 side and the lobes not clearly separated, up to 12 cm long; corolla white or pale apricot, 25-30 cm long, tube slender, gradually flaring to the limb, lobe apices broadly triangular and terminated by cusps 2-3 cm long; stamens 5, inserted below middle of corolla tube; filaments 4-5 cm long; anthers distinct, linear, ca 2.5 cm long, opening longitudinally; ovary 2-celled; style 17-19 cm long; stigma oblong, 5-7 mm long, included in corolla throat.  Fruit a capsule, rarely formed, fusiform, reportedly up to 20 cm long, 2 cm wide, pendulous, unarmed.  Seeds (not seen) reportedly numerous, D-shaped, 6-10 mm long, seed coat corky" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1252-1253).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "frequently cultivated and sparingly established, it may persist as suckering clumps particularly in moist sites" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1252-1253). Moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 119).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Peru, widely cultivated as an ornamental" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1252-1253).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		University of California (2006)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 269) Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 217, Florence 4021
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Cultivée
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1252-1253) Sparingly naturalized.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1252-1253) Sparingly naturalized.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1252-1253) Sparingly naturalized.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Hughes, Guy D'Oyly (1995) (p. 9) Voucher cited: Hughes 6 (US) Naturalizing in a stream bed. It apparently likes very wet conditions.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1252-1253) Sparingly naturalized.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 126)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Ecuador (Mainland) Ecuador	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1218) "Cultivation escape, in waste places in and around settled areas, also as a long persistent relic of cultivation in old gardens".
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)	probably native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  Chavarría, F., Espinoza, R., Guadamuz, A., Perez, D. y Masís, A. 2000. Species Page de Brugmansia candida (Solanaceae), 24 Febrero 2000. Species Home Pages, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

Additional information:
Photos and additional information at the Environment Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, web site of the Bay of Plenty Regional Council.

Additional online information about Brugmansia candida is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Brugmansia candida as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Brugmansia candida may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Charles Darwin Foundation. 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador.

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

Hughes, Guy D'Oyly. 1995. New Hawaiian plant records II. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 42:1-10.

Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. 2008. Flora of the Marquesas Islands. National Tropical Botanical Garden and the Smithsonian Institution. Online database.

McCormack, Gerald. 2011. Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga.

McMullen, C. K. 1999. Flowering plants of the Galápagos. Comstock Pub. Assoc., Ithaca, N.Y. 370 p.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

University of California. 2006. Moorea Digital Flora Project (online resource).

Vander Velde, Nancy. 2003. The vascular plants of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Smithsonian Institution, Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503:1-141.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.

Welsh, S. L. 1998. Flora Societensis: A summary revision of the flowering plants of the Society Islands. E.P.S. Inc., Orem, Utah. 420 pp.

Whistler, W. A. 2000. Tropical ornamentals: a guide. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 542 pp.

Whistler, W. A. 2000. Plants in Samoan culture: The ethnobotany of Samoa. Isle Botanica. 234 pp. ISB: 0-9645426-6-8.

Wiggins, I. L./Porter, D. M. 1971. Flora of the Galapágos Islands. Stanford University Press. 998 pp.