Bromus madritensis L., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski; Bromus villosus Forssk.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: ma de que mai

English: compact brome, Madrid brome, Spanish brome, wall brome

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Annuals, 30-55 cm, loosely tufted. Leaf-sheath softly short-pubescent; upper sheaths glabrous. Ligule 1-2 mm, denticulate. Leaf-blade 5-10 cm x 1.5-3 mm, short-hairy or ± glabrous; tip acute. Culm 5-45 cm, erect or ascending, internodes glabrous. Panicle 5-10 cm, erect, rather dense, fan-shaped, or nodding and slightly spreading; branches usually « spikelets, filiform, minutely scabrid, tipped by 1-2 spikelets. Spikelets 3.5-6 cm, 5-8-flowered, oblong-lanceolate to later wedge-shaped and gaping, light green to purple-suffused. Glumes unequal, very narrow, acuminate, membranous, glabrous or with short to long hairs; lower 8-11 mm, 1-nerved, subulate, upper 10-14 mm, 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate. Lemma 12-20 mm, 7-nerved, rounded, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, scabrid or with short to long hairs, membranous with hyaline margins, narrowed above to 2 acute to acuminate lobes, 2-3 mm; awn c. 20 mm. Palea c. 3/4 length of lemma, keels sparsely ciliate, interkeel glabrous or minutely hairy. Callus with minute hairs. Rachilla 2-2.5 mm, scabrid. Anthers 0.7-1 mm. Caryopsis c. 13 x 1.8 mm"  (Edgar & Connor, 2000; p. 365).

"Similar to Bromus rubens, but differs in having a glabrous peduncle, faintly nerved lemmas more than 3 mm wide, and lemma margins without cilia"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1505).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Macaronesia, northern Africa, Europe, eastern Asia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Fagerlund & Mitchell 1011 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Hobdy 489 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505) Voucher cited: Forbes 650.Mo. (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Forbes 650.Mo. (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 56)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 56)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Sunny slopes, dry sandy grassy places; ca. 3500 m. Xizang.
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 192)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 365) "Waste ground and ballast".

Additional information:
Additional online information about Bromus madritensis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Bromus madritensis as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Bromus madritensis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Edgar, E./Connor, H. 2000. Flora of New Zealand, vol. V: Gramineae. Manaaki Whenua Press. .

Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. 1999. Contributions to the flora of Hawai‘i. VII. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1998. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 58:12-36.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).