Bromus madritensis L., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski; Bromus villosus Forssk.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: compact brome, Madrid brome, Spanish brome, wall brome

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Annuals, 30-55 cm, loosely tufted. Leaf-sheath softly short-pubescent; upper sheaths glabrous. Ligule 1-2 mm, denticulate. Leaf-blade 5-10 cm x 1.5-3 mm, short-hairy or ± glabrous; tip acute. Culm 5-45 cm, erect or ascending, internodes glabrous. Panicle 5-10 cm, erect, rather dense, fan-shaped, or nodding and slightly spreading; branches usually « spikelets, filiform, minutely scabrid, tipped by 1-2 spikelets. Spikelets 3.5-6 cm, 5-8-flowered, oblong-lanceolate to later wedge-shaped and gaping, light green to purple-suffused. Glumes unequal, very narrow, acuminate, membranous, glabrous or with short to long hairs; lower 8-11 mm, 1-nerved, subulate, upper 10-14 mm, 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate. Lemma 12-20 mm, 7-nerved, rounded, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, scabrid or with short to long hairs, membranous with hyaline margins, narrowed above to 2 acute to acuminate lobes, 2-3 mm; awn c. 20 mm. Palea c. 3/4 length of lemma, keels sparsely ciliate, interkeel glabrous or minutely hairy. Callus with minute hairs. Rachilla 2-2.5 mm, scabrid. Anthers 0.7-1 mm. Caryopsis c. 13 x 1.8 mm"  (Edgar & Connor, 2000; p. 365).

"Similar to Bromus rubens, but differs in having a glabrous peduncle, faintly nerved lemmas more than 3 mm wide, and lemma margins without cilia"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1505).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Macaronesia, northern Africa, Europe, eastern Asia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Fagerlund & Mitchell 1011 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Hobdy 489 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505) Voucher cited: Forbes 650.Mo. (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Forbes 650.Mo. (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 56)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 56)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 365) "Waste ground and ballast".

Additional information:
Additional online information about Bromus madritensis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Bromus madritensis as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Bromus madritensis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

Other Latin names:  Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski; Bromus villosus Forssk.

References:

Edgar, E./Connor, H. 2000. Flora of New Zealand, vol. V: Gramineae. Manaaki Whenua Press. .

Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. 1999. Contributions to the flora of Hawai‘i. VII. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1998. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 58:12-36.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).