Bromus madritensis L., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Anisantha madritensis (L.) Nevski; Bromus villosus Forssk.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: ma de que mai

English: Madrid brome, Spanish brome, compact brome, lesser brome, stiff brome, wall brome

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Annuals, 30-55 cm, loosely tufted. Leaf-sheath softly short-pubescent; upper sheaths glabrous. Ligule 1-2 mm, denticulate. Leaf-blade 5-10 cm x 1.5-3 mm, short-hairy or ± glabrous; tip acute. Culm 5-45 cm, erect or ascending, internodes glabrous. Panicle 5-10 cm, erect, rather dense, fan-shaped, or nodding and slightly spreading; branches usually ® spikelets, filiform, minutely scabrid, tipped by 1-2 spikelets. Spikelets 3.5-6 cm, 5-8-flowered, oblong-lanceolate to later wedge-shaped and gaping, light green to purple-suffused. Glumes unequal, very narrow, acuminate, membranous, glabrous or with short to long hairs; lower 8-11 mm, 1-nerved, subulate, upper 10-14 mm, 3-nerved, linear-lanceolate. Lemma 12-20 mm, 7-nerved, rounded, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, scabrid or with short to long hairs, membranous with hyaline margins, narrowed above to 2 acute to acuminate lobes, 2-3 mm; awn c. 20 mm. Palea c. 3/4 length of lemma, keels sparsely ciliate, interkeel glabrous or minutely hairy. Callus with minute hairs. Rachilla 2-2.5 mm, scabrid. Anthers 0.7-1 mm. Caryopsis c. 13 x 1.8 mm"  (Edgar & Connor, 2000; p. 365).

"Similar to Bromus rubens, but differs in having a glabrous peduncle, faintly nerved lemmas more than 3 mm wide, and lemma margins without cilia"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1505).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Macaronesia, northern Africa, Europe, eastern Asia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Fagerlund & Mitchell 1011 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Hobdy 489 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1505) Voucher cited: Forbes 650.Mo. (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Forbes 650.Mo. (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Sunny slopes, dry sandy grassy places; ca. 3500 m. Xizang.
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 192)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 365) "Waste ground and ballast".
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Bromus madritensis, please let us know.