Bromus cebadilla Steud., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Bromus valdivianus Phil.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: grazing brome

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Perennial; caespitose. Culms 50-120 cm long. Lateral branches lacking. Leaf-sheaths pilose. Ligule an eciliate membrane; 2-3 mm long. Leaf-blades 12-30 cm long; 4-7 mm wide. Leaf-blade surface glabrous. Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open; lanceolate; 15-20 cm long. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Fertile spikelets: Spikelets comprising 4-7 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets oblong; laterally compressed; compressed strongly; 20-30 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Glumes persistent; shorter than spikelet. Lower glume lanceolate; 7-11 mm long; 0.9 length of upper glume; membranous; 1-keeled; 5-7 -veined. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume lanceolate; 7-13 mm long; 0.75-1 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous; 1-keeled; 9 -veined. Upper glume apex acute. Florets: Fertile lemma lanceolate; 10-13 mm long; chartaceous; keeled; 7-9 -veined. Lemma surface pubescent. Lemma apex awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn subapical; 8-12 mm long overall. Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped. Flower: Lodicules 2; membranous. Anthers 3. Ovary with a fleshy appendage above style insertion; pubescent on apex. Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; hairy at apex; apex fleshy. Hilum linear" (GrassBase).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "roadsides and waste ground usually near the coast in areas of low rainfall"  (Edgar & Connor, 2000; p. 367).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Argentina, Chile and Peru; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 551)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 551)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 367) As Bromus stamineus Desv.
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Antofagasta, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, La Araucania, Los Lagos, Maule, Valparaiso
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Junin, La Libertad
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) Western states.
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Bromus cebadilla, please let us know.