(Kunth) Benth., Poaceae
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(Kunth) Benth., Poaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Bouteloua pilosa (Hook. f.) Benth. ex S. Watson; Eutriana pilosa Hook. f.; Leptochloa hirta Nees ex Steud.; Polyodon distichum Kunth
Habit: grass
Description: "Annual; culms terete, glabrous, much branched, often decumbent and rooting from nodes, 25-80 cm long or more; sheaths shorter than internodes, glabrous or more or less papillose-pilose; ligule a fringe of hairs about 0.5 mm long; blades flat, elongate, mostly 2-5 mm wide, glabrous or somewhat pilose, margins scabrous; inflorescence with 15-30 branches, these mostly bearing 3-5 spikelets crowded on basal third of the flattened scabrous rachis; spikelets pale to purplish, 5-7 mm long excluding awns; first glume setaceous, 3-4 mm long, second lanceolate, scabrous, 4.5-6 mm long, apiculate or very short-awned from shallowly notched apex; lemma smooth, about equal to second glume, 3-nerved, nerves terminating in short awns; palea equaling lemma, the 2 nerves terminating in short awn points; rudiment including the strong scabrous central awn to 10 mm long, the body from greatly reduced to about 4 mm long, 2 short lateral awns often present (rudiment rarely lacking or reduced to scabrous awn about equaling lemma); caryopsis broadly fusiform, flattened, about 2.5 mm long, hilum punctiform, embryo large, covering about four-fifths of adaxial surface" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 832-834).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: "A weedy species in tropical and subtropical areas" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 832-834).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Mexico through Central America to Ecuador and Peru (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 832-834).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Española Group |
Española Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Española Group |
Osborn Islet, Española Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Fernandina Group |
Fernandina Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group |
Campéon Islet, Floreana Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group |
Floreana Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Alcedo, Isabela Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Cerro Azul, Isabela Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Darwin, Isabela Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Ecuador, Isabela Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Wolf, Isabela Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Pinta Group |
Pinta Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Pinzón Group |
Pinzón Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Baltra Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Edeén Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Punta Bowditch Norte Islet, Santa Cruz Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Seymour Norte Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Venecia Islet, Santa Cruz Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Fé Group |
Santa Fé Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santiago Group |
Albany Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santiago Group |
Mao Islet, Santiago Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santiago Group |
Rábida Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santiago Group |
Santiago Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
| Pacific Rim | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Colombia
Colombia |
Colombia (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Costa Rica
Costa Rica |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Ecuador (Mainland)
Ecuador |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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El Salvador
El Salvador |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Guatemala
Guatemala |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Honduras
Honduras |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Panama
Panama |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
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Perú
Perú |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) |
Comments: Probably not native to the Galápagos Islands, possibly introduced, per Charles Darwin Research Station.
Additional information:
Additional online information about Bouteloua disticha is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Information about Bouteloua disticha as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Taxonomic information about Bouteloua disticha may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
References:
Charles Darwin Foundation. 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador.
Charles Darwin Research Station. 2005. CDRS Herbarium records.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.
Wiggins, I. L./Porter, D. M. 1971. Flora of the Galapágos Islands. Stanford University Press. 998 pp.