Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson ex Z) Fosberg, Moraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Artocarpus incisus (Thunb.) L.f., Artocarpus communis Forst.

Common name(s): [more details]

Austral: maiore, uru

Chamorro: lemae, lemai, lemai, lemay, lemmai, lemmai, nangka, nanka, rima, rimae, rokurok

Chuukese: aroyas, määi, määy, maay, määy, maay, mai, mai rhoyang, meey, meey, mei, mei chon, neoda

English: breadfruit, breadnut

Fijian: uto, uto mbutho, uto ndina

French: arbre à pain

Hawaiian: ‘ulu

I-Kiribati: te bukiraro, te mai, te mai bukiraro

Kapingamarangi: kur, rakur, tirokur

Kosraean: mo us, mohs, mos

Kwara‘ae: baleo, kekene-a, rauai

Maori (Cook Islands): kulu, kuru

Marquesan: mei

Marshallese: ma, mâ, ma jokelap, ma konono, me, mei

Mokilese: mai

Nauruan: deme

Niuean: mei

Nukuoro: kuru

Palauan: arandu, arudo, arudu, maye, meduu, mudu, muzuh

Pohnpeian: mai, mai chait, mei

Pukapukan: kulu

Samoan: ‘ulu, ulu, ‘ulu

Satawalese: mai

Spanish: árbol del pan, fruta de pan, frutipan

Tahitian: maiore, uru, ‘uru

Tongan: mei

Tongarevan (spoken): kulu

Tongarevan (written): kuru

Tuvaluan: mei

Woleaian: maa, maienai, maimachei, maogwiang, maouli, tagomelyu

Yapese: sou, thow

Habit:  tree

Description:  "The breadfruit tree is handsome and fast growing, reaching 85 ft (26 m) in height, often with a clear trunk to 20 ft (6 m) becoming 2 to 6 ft (0.6-1.8 m) in width and often buttressed at the base, though some varieties may never exceed 1/4 or 1/2 of these dimensions. There are many spreading branches, some thick with lateral foliage-bearing branchlets, others long and slender with foliage clustered only at their tips. The leaves, evergreen or deciduous depending on climatic conditions, on thick, yellow petioles to 1 1/2 in (3.8 cm) long, are ovate, 9 to 36 in (22.8-90 cm) long, 8 to 20 in (20-50 cm) wide, entire at the base, then more or less deeply cut into 5 to 11 pointed lobes. They are bright-green and glossy on the upper surface, with conspicuous yellow veins; dull, yellowish and coated with minute, stiff hairs on the underside. The tree bears a multitude of tiny flowers, the male densely set on a drooping, cylindrical or club-shaped spike 5 to 12 in (12.5-30 cm) long and 1 to 1 1/2 in (2.5-3.75 cm) thick, yellowish at first and becoming brown. The female are massed in a somewhat rounded or elliptic, green, prickly head, 2 1/2 in (6.35 cm) long and 1 1/2 in (3.8 cm) across, which develops into the compound fruit (or syncarp), oblong, cylindrical, ovoid, rounded or pearshaped, 3 1/2 to 18 in (9-45 cm) in length and 2 to 12 in (5-30 cm) in diameter. The thin rind is patterned with irregular, 4- to 6-sided faces, in some "smooth" fruits level with the surface, in others conical; in some, there may rise from the center of each face a sharp, black point, or a green, pliable spine to 1/8 in (3 mm) long or longer. Some fruits may have a harsh, sandpaper-like rind. Generally the rind is green at first, turning yellowish-green, yellow or yellow-brown when ripe, though one variety is lavender. In the green stage, the fruit is hard and the interior is white, starchy and somewhat fibrous. When fully ripe, the fruit is somewhat soft, the interior is cream colored or yellow and pasty, also sweetly fragrant. The seeds are irregularly oval, rounded at one end, pointed at the other, about 3/4 in (2 cm) long, dull-brown with darker stripes. In the center of seedless fruits there is a cylindrical or oblong core, in some types covered with hairs bearing flat, brown, abortive seeds about 1/8 in (3 mm) long. The fruit is borne singly or in clusters of 2 or 3 at the branch tips. The fruit stalk (pedicel) varies from 1 to 5 in (2.5-12.5 cm) long" (Morton, 1987).

Habitat/ecology:  "The breadfruit is ultra-tropical, much tenderer than the mango tree. It has been reported that it requires a temperature range of 60° to 100°F (15.56°-37.78°C), an annual rainfall of 80 to 100 in (203-254 cm), and a relative humidity of 70 to 80%. However, in southern India, it is cultivated at sea level and up humid slopes to an altitude of 3,500 ft (1,065 m), also in thickets in dry regions where it can be irrigated. In the "equatorial dry climate" of the Marquesas, where the breadfruit is an essential crop, there is an average rainfall of only 40 to 60 in (100-150 cm) and frequent droughts. In Central America, it is grown only below 2,000 ft (600 m). According to many reports, the breadfruit tree must have deep, fertile, well-drained soil. But some of the best authorities on South Pacific plants point out that the seedless breadfruit does well on sandy coral soils, and seeded types grow naturally on "coraline limestone" islands in Micronesia. In New Guinea, the breadfruit tree occurs wild along waterways and on the margins of forests in the flood plain, and often in freshwater swamps. It is believed that there is great variation in the adaptability of different strains to climatic and soil conditions, and that each should be matched with its proper environment. The Tahitian 'Manitarvaka' is known to be drought-resistant. The variety 'Mai-Tarika', of the Gilbert Islands, is salt-tolerant. 'Mejwaan', a seeded variety of the Marshall Islands, is not harmed by brackish water nor salt spray and has been introduced into Western Samoa and Tahiti." (Morton, 1987)

In Fiji, "widely cultivated in and about villages..., perhaps sometimes naturalizing, usually near sea level" (Smith, 1981; pp. 207-208). In New Caledonia, "il ne semble pas se naturaliser" (MacKee, 1994; p. 101).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Southeastern Asia, perhaps into western Pacific (GRIN). "Probably indigenous in New Guinea, where it is scattered in primary rain forest; possibly it is also indigenous in the Moluccas, western Melanesia, and Micronesia" (Smith, 1981; pp. 207-208).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (pp. 12-13) Voucher cited: Whistler 3434
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 56) Voucher cited: CBM-BS-59202
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island	introduced	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 25)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Asuncion Island	introduced cultivated	Falanruw, M. V. C. (1989) (p. 8)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manuae Atoll (Northern Cook Islands)	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Nassau Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Pukapuka Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Rakahanga Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Suwarrow Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Palmerston (Avarau) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Etal (Ettan) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Losap Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Murilo (Mwiriné) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Nama Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll		Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 33)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namonuito (Namonweito, Nómwun Wiité) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Nomwin (Nómwiin) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Pis Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 43) Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 225 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Satawan Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2005) (p. 18)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2005) (p. 18) Two small saplings noted.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Ant Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Mokil Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Ngatik (Ngetik) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 80)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Eauripik Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46703 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Lamotrek Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46908 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Mbengga Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 207-208) Voucher cied: Weiner 222 Perhaps sometimes naturalizing.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ngau Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 207-208) Voucher cited: Smith 7966 Perhaps sometimes naturalizing.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ovalau Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 207-208) Voucher cited: Denham [1854] s.n. Perhaps sometimes naturalizing.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 207-208) Vouchers cited: Seemann 450, Seemann 451, Weiner 71-7-7A Perhaps sometimes naturalizing.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 207-208) Vouchers cited: Weiner 9B, DA 3393, DA 12128, DA 11099-11103, Seemann 452, Seeman 453, Seeman 455, Seeman 457, Seeman 458, Seeman 459, Seeman 460, Graeffe 1543 Perhaps sometimes naturalizing.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 77)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (pp. 26-27) Voucher cited: Fosberg 64946 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 77)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 25) Voucher cited: Sachet 967 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	probably native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 184) Voucher cited: BRY 26552
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 77)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	probably native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 184)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 40) Voucher cited: Fosberg 54601 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Manihi Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 18)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 18)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	probably introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 248) Naturalized
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 143)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 143)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 143)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 143)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced	Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 143)
Kiribati Line Islands	Caroline Atoll	introduced cultivated	Kepler, Angela K./Kepler, Cameron B. (1994) (p. 36)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Chock, Alvin K./Hamilton, Jr., Dean C. (1962) (p. 3)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 20)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 20)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 20)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abaiang Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Beru Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Kuria Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Marakei Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Nikunau Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	cultivated	Moul, Edwin T. (1957) (p. 11) Voucher cited: Moul 8299 (US)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tabiteuea Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinglaplap (Ailinglapalap) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	introduced abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R. (1988) (p. 11)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ebon (Epoon) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 14) Voucher cited: St. John 21696 (BISH)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 10) "Common; planted as food source around many homes".
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 101)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Lae Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Lae Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 33992 (US), Fosberg 34091 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Namorik (Namdik) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Rongelap (Roñlap) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 34361 (US), Fosberg 34417 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujelang Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujelang Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34198 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34223 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 33924 (US), Fosberg 33957 (US), Fosberg 33980 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i) Voucher cited: Anderson 3721
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 9) "Occasional; food crop around houses".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Aur Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33901 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 33840 (US), Fosberg 27054 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 109)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Maloelap Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mejit (Mãjej) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mili (Mile) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (pp. 7-8) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 33683 (US), Fosberg 33691 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Wotje (Wõjjã)Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 25)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 170) Voucher cited: Fosberg 58753 (US)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 101) Voucher cited: Däniker 2332 (Z)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Maré	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 101) Voucher cited: Baumann 14626
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 101) Vouchers cited: Pancher s.n. s.loc., Balansa 3233, Petit 161 s.loc., MacKee 7852, MacKee 26022
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 123) Voucher cited: CHR 170356
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 46) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9594 (BISH), Yuncker 9741 (BISH), Yuncker 9821 (BISH), Yuncker 9822 (BISH), Yuncker 9823 (BISH), Yuncker 9824 (BISH), Yuncker 9825 (BISH)
Palau Hatohobei Group	Tobi Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Pulo Ana Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 52)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 30) Voucher cited: Fosberg & B. Christian 11177
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Whitmore, T. C. (1969) (p. 265)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 48)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 97-98) "Frequent throughout Tonga"
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Ellison, Joanna C. (1990) (p. 26)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 350)
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Nui Atoll		Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Woodroffe 193 (CHR)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Indonesia Indonesia	Irian Jaya (West Papua) (Indonesia) (western New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced cultivated	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 104)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 148) Voucher cited: Rhyne 770 (US)

Comments:  Reported as possibly an invasive plant in the Galápagos Islands per Charles Darwin Research Station.

Additional information:  Fact sheet from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" (PDF format).
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Artocarpus altilis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Artocarpus altilis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

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