L., Asteraceae
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L., Asteraceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
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Chamorro: yerba de Santa Maria |
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English: common wormwood, green ginger, hiya, motherwort, mugweed, mugwort, sailor's tobacco |
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French: armoise, armoise commune, armoise vulgare, brède chinois, herbe de Saint Jean, marie therese |
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Japanese: yomogi |
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Satawalese: iarbwas |
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Spanish: artemisia, artimisa, hierba de San Juan |
Habit: herb
Description: "Aromatic, rhizomatous perennial herbs 3-10 dm tall; stems 1 to several, unbranched to the inflorescence, nearly glabrous below the inflorescence but sparsely pubescent between narrow striations. Leaves ovate to obovate in outline, 2.5-5 (-6) cm long, 2-3 cm wide, pinnatifid to bipinnatifid with unequal lobes that are rather broad and acute, upper surface dark green and nearly glabrous, lower surface densely white tomentose, narrowed at base, without a distinct petiole. Heads in racemose panicles, amply leafy, with erect branches, each head 2.5-3.8 mm high, 2-2.5 mm wide; involucral bracts ovate, densely pubescent, the margins narrowly scarious; receptacle conical, glabrous; florets 8-12 per head, the outer ones pistillate and inner ones perfect, all fertile, tubular, 1-1.3 mm long. Achenes dark brown to black, fusiform, 0.8-1 mm long, 0.1-0.3 mm wide, glabrous." (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 265).
Habitat/ecology: In Hawai‘i, "cultivated...and occasionally sparingly naturalized in disturbed areas" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 265). In Fiji, "an infrequent roadside weed" (Smith, 1991; p. 312). On Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), naturalized on cliffs, roadsides and disturbed areas (Swarbrick, 1997; p. 104). "It is in the disturbed soils of arable agriculture in humid and superhumid localities of Mauritius Island" (Holm et al., 1997; pp. 72-73).
Propagation: Wind-borne seed (Swarbrick, 1997; p. 104) and underground rhizomes (Staples & Herbst, 2005; p. 154).
Native range: Europe, northern Africa, western and central Asia; widely naturalized (GRIN).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 42)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 2157 (US) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Anatahan Island |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Anatahan Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 42)
Voucher cited: Falanruw 1638 (US) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 12)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 46861 (US) One small patch. |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ulithi Atoll |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Woleai Atoll |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 312)
Voucher cited: DA 17341 |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 574-575)
Voucher cited: McGregor 423 |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawai‘i (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 265)
Voucher cited: Kelly s.n. (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kaua‘i Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 265) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lāna‘i Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank (2008) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer & Perlman H90701 (BISH, PTBG) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. (1995) (p. 15)
East Maui. Voucher cited: Hobdy 2567 (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2004) (p. 9)
West Maui. Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, F. Duvall, & L. Nelson H30218 (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
O‘ahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 265) |
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New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 31)
Voucher cited: MacKee 41843 Spontané |
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Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1982) (voucher ID: BNM 3175)
Taxon name on voucher: Artemisia vulgaris |
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Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Palau Islands (main island group) |
native
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 282)
var. indica |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 70) | |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 616)
In and about towns at low and medium altitudes; often planted, frequently established, and certainly introduced. |
| Indian Ocean | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
introduced
invasive |
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 104) |
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La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island | Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 79) | |
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Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Malè Atoll | Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 35) | |
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Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island | Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (pp. 70, 72-73, 79) | |
Control: Identification and Control of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) in Virginia
Additional information:
Information
from "Invasive plants of Asian origin established in the United States and their
natural enemies, volume 1" (pdf)
Information
from "Invasive plants of Asian origin established in the United States and their
natural enemies, volume 1" (PDF format).
Additional online information about Artemisia vulgaris is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Information about Artemisia vulgaris as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Taxonomic information about Artemisia vulgaris may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
References:
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1982. Voucher specimen #BNM3175(Timberlake, J. 3175).
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. 2009. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 273 pp.
Fosberg, F. R. 1957. The Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 58. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 37 pp.
Fosberg, F. R. 1969. Plants of Satawal Island, Caroline Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 132. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 13 pp.
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. 1975. Vascular flora of the northern Marianas Islands. Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 22:1-45.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution. John Wiley & Sons. 1129 pp.
MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.
McIntyre, Guy. 1991. Weeds of sugar cane in Mauritius, their description and control. Mauritius Sugar Industry Reseach Institute. 151 pp.
Merrill, Elmer D. 1923. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, vol. 3 [reprint]. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 628 pp.
Oppenheimer, Hank. 2008. New Hawaiian plant records for 2007. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100:22-38.
Oppenheimer, Hank L. 2004. New Hawaiian plant records for 2003. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 79:8-20.
Smith, Albert C. 1991. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 5. 626 pp.
Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. 2005. A tropical garden flora: plants cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and other tropical places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 908 pp.
Stone, Benjamin C. 1970. The flora of Guam. Micronesica 6:1-659.
Swarbrick, J. T. 1997. Environmental weeds and exotic plants on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: a report to Parks Australia. 101 pp. plus appendix.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. 1995. Contributions to the Flora of Hawai‘i. IV. New Records and name changes. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 42:13-27.
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).
Zheng, Hao/Wu, Yun/Ding, Jianqing/Binion, Denise/Fu, Weidong/Reardon, Richard. 2004. Invasive plants of Asian origin established in the United States and their natural enemies, volume 1. FHTET-2004-05. U.S. Forest Service, Morgantown.