Anoda acerifolia Cav., Malvaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: anoda

Spanish: campanilla morada, malva cienagera

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Erect or decumbent, branching annual to about 7 dm tall, the stems, petioles, and peduncles moderately simple-setose and usually stellulate as well, eventually glabrate; leaves petiolate, blades polymorphic, mostly broadly deltoid to narrowly triangular, unlobed or hastately lobed to palmately 5-lobed, apex acute, margins entire or sometimes coarsely serrate toward base, this broadly obtuse, truncate or subcordate, the surfaces above and below openly and inconspicuously appressed simple-setose, more densely so at margins, stipules filiform to lanceolate, to 6 mm long; flowers solitary in axils on pedicels about 3-8 cm long, these to 15 cm long in fruit; calyx campanulate, sparsely hispid, to (5) 7-9 mm long, ovate- to triangular-lobed, in fruit rotate and subtending the mericarps, to 20 mm broad; petals white (in [Galápagos]), lavender, or purplish, 12-15 mm long, obovate, obliquely rounded to subemarginate apically, ciliate at basal margins; staminal column included, about 4 mm long, filaments terminal, to 2 mm long; schizocarp discoid, yellowish-hispid above, 11-15 mm broad, including spines, the mericarps 9-15, dorsally gibbous or with horizontal spine 1-1.5 (2.5) mm long, lateral walls evanescent, in part adhering to seed coat, dorsal and apical wall bilamellar, inner portion forming white to black, coarsely fenestrate dorsal hood over the free, brownish, muricate seed"  (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; p. 671).

Habitat/ecology:  Moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 185).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Tropical America (McMullen, 1999; p. 185).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Galápagos Islands	Galápagos Islands		Wiggins, I. L./Porter, D. M. (1971) (p. 671)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 27)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Anoda acerifolia is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Anoda acerifolia as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Anoda acerifolia may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Cardenas, Juan/Reys, Carlos E./Doll, Jerry D./Pardo, Fernando. 1972. Tropical weeds; malezas tropicales, vol. 1. International Plant Protection Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 341 pp.

Charles Darwin Foundation. 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

McMullen, C. K. 1999. Flowering plants of the Galápagos. Comstock Pub. Assoc., Ithaca, N.Y. 370 p.

Wiggins, I. L./Porter, D. M. 1971. Flora of the Galapágos Islands. Stanford University Press. 998 pp.