Anemone hupehensis (Lemoine) Lemoine, Ranunculaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 8.5 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: da po wan hua hua

English: hupeh anemone, Japanese anemone

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Caudex branched, erect, short, 8-12 x 0.5-0.7 cm, woody. Leaves 3-5; petiole 5-35 cm, densely pubescent, base sheathing; leaf blade ternate, sparsely strigose; petiolules 2-5 cm; central leaflet undivided, ovate or broadly so, 4-10 x 3-10 cm; lateral leaflets similar to central one but smaller. Scape 30-100 (-120) cm, sparsely pubescent; cyme 2- or 3-branched, many flowered. Involucral bracts 3; petiole 2-3 cm, base sheathing; bract blade similar to that of leaves, ternate, 3-7 cm. Pedicel 3-10 cm, pubescent, lateral ones with small, paired bracteoles. Sepals 5 (flowers single) or ca. 20 (flowers double, in cultivated plants), purple, purple-red, pink or white, obovate, 20-30 x 13-20 mm, abaxially velutinous, basal veins 5-9, vein anastomoses more than 10. Stamens 4-6 mm; filament filiform; anther ellipsoid. Pistils more than 180, long stipitate, ca.1.5 mm; ovary velutinous; stigma rectangular. Achene body ovoid, ca. 2 x 1 mm, lanate, hairs 3-4 mm; style straight, short"  (Flora of China online).

"Erect perennial herbs; stems 0.5-1.5 m long, appressed pilose. Basal leaves ternately compound, leaflets ovate, 4-20 cm long, 5-15 cm wide, upper surface green, sparsely strigose, lower surface pale green, appressed pilose, primarily along veins, toothed and lobed, base cordate. Sepals 5-20, white, often tinged pink or purple, lower surface velvety pubescent. Achenes numerous in a globose head, ca 2 mm long, long-pilose" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1087).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized and locally common in open, wet, disturbed areas along roadsides and in wet forest, 1,080-1,530 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1087).  In China [native and naturalized], "scrub, grassy slopes, streamsides in hilly regions, sometimes cultivated or becoming naturalized; 400-2600 m"  (Flora of China online).

Propagation:  Wind-distributed seed.

Native range:  China (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1087).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1087) Voucher cited: Fagerlund & Mitchell 219 (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Also cultivated and naturalized in areas where not native.
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 182) var. japonica Bowles et Stearn
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  Cultivated and naturalized in Japan (GRIN).

Additional information:
Additional online information about Anemone hupehensis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Anemone hupehensis as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Anemone hupehensis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Cronk, Q. C. B./Fuller, J. L. 2001. Plant invaders. Earthscan Publications, Ltd., London. 241 pp.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (in English). Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).