Amaryllis belladonna L., Liliaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: belladonna lily, Jersey-lily

Spanish: belladona

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Stout perennial. Bulb large, 6-12 cm in diameter, ovoid or globose. Leaves 6-10, distichous, produced after flowers, 20-40 x 2-3 cm, lorate, channelled. Scape 40-70 cm high, reddish, subcompressed, solid. Spathe-valves 2, persistent. Umbels 2-10-flowered; pedicels 3-6 cm long at flowering. Flowers large, c. 10 cm long, c. 7 cm in diameter, fragrant, white to deep pink, paler in throat, funnel-shaped, flowering from a short tube c. 1 cm long; segments recurved, acute. Stamens slightly < perianth, alternately long and short. Stigma capitate. Capsule globose, bursting irregularly. Seeds many, fleshy, green"  (Healy & Edgar, 1980; 70).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "Garden outcast on roadsides and waste land"  (Healy & Edgar, 1980; 70).

Propagation:  Wind-dispersed seed.

Native range:  South Africa (Western Cape) (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Cuevas, Jaime G./Marticorena, Alicia/Cavieres, Lohengrin A. (2004) (p. 534) Voucher cited: JF 17
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 551)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island		Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 524410) Taxon name on voucher: Amaryllis belladonna L.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive cultivated	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "Frequently cultivated, often persists around settlements and homesteads; possibly not fully naturalized".
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Cuevas, Jaime G./Marticorena, Alicia/Cavieres, Lohengrin A. (2004) (p. 534)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Healy, A. J./Edgar, E. (1980) (p. 70)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011) Louisiana

Additional information:
Additional online information about Amaryllis belladonna is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Amaryllis belladonna as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Amaryllis belladonna may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.). 1986. Voucher specimen #BISH524410(Plews, J.H.R. s.n.).

Cuevas, Jaime G./Marticorena, Alicia/Cavieres, Lohengrin A. 2004. New additions to the introduced flora of the Juan Fernández Islands: origin, distribution, life history traits, and potential of invasion. Revista Chilene de Histora Natural 77:523-538.

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

Healy, A. J./Edgar, E. 1980. Flora of New Zealand, Volume III: Adventive cyperaceous, petalous & spathaceous monocotyledons. Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand. 220 pp.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.