|
(Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm., Zingiberaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: High risk, score: 10 (Go to the risk assessment)
Other Latin names: Alpinia speciosa (J. C. Wendl.) K. Schum.
Common name(s): [more details]
|
English: light galangal, pink porcelain lily, pink porcelain-lily, shell flower, shell ginger |
|
Maori (Cook Islands): kaopui, kaopui, Kōpī enua |
|
Samoan: teuila |
|
Tongan: teuila |
Habit: herb
Description: "Robust, rhizomatous, clump-forming perennial up to 4 m high; leaves broad, lanceolate, sheathing the stems; inflorescence drooping, showy, fragrant. Leaves: Bright green, glabrous and shining, up to 600 mm long and 200 mm wide. Flowers: In racemes up to 400 mm long, main axis very hairy; white, waxy, pink-tinged bracteoles enfold the buds; flowers orchid-like; corolla white, lip to 40 mm, crinkled, yellow, with red and brown variegations. Fruits: Red capsules" (Henderson, 2001; p. 40).
Habitat/ecology: In South Africa, "watercourses, forest margins, roadsides, urban open space in moist, warm, coastal and inland regions" (Henderson, 2001; p. 40). "In Fiji this well-known plant is cultivated or perhaps sparsely naturalized along roadsides near sea level" (Smith, 1979; pp. 214-215). In the Cook Islands, "naturalised; land, lowlands - inland valleys" (McCormack, 2006).
Propagation: Vegetatively propagating or possibly bird dispersed seed. Aquatic dispersal is also apparently occurring along streams (Oppenheimer, 2008; p. 35).
Native range: Eastern Asia (East Indies) (Henderson, 2001; p. 40). "New Guinea or some neighboring part of eastern Malesia, but it has long been in cultivation and now occurs in most tropical countries" (Smith, 1979; pp. 214-215).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
|
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Saipan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Aitutaki Atoll |
introduced
|
McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Naturalized |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
introduced
|
McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Naturalized |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
introduced
|
McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Naturalized |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
introduced
|
McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Naturalized |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
|
McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Naturalized |
|
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
|
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 214-215)
Voucher cited: Bierhorst F172 Perhaps sparsely naturalized |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 214-215)
Vouchers cited: DA 12360, DA 16085 Perhaps sparsely naturalized |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Flynn, Tim/Lorence, David H. (2002) (p. 16)
Voucher cited: D. Lorence & T. Flynn 8468 (PTBG, BISH, US) Naturalized on stream banks, forming scattered clumps, in lowland secondary mesic forest. |
|
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank (2008) (p. 35)
West Maui. Vouchers cited: Oppenheimer H30709 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H60718 (BISH, PTBG) |
|
Japan (offshore islands)
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 141)
Vouchers cited: Delacour s.n., Sarasin 206 (Z), Baumann 15676, MacKee 2666, Blanchon 299 Spontané |
|
Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Koror Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 111) |
|
Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Ngerkebesang Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. Field notes) |
|
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis (Uvea) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 29) |
| Pacific Rim | |||
|
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
|
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
|
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
|
Japan
Japan |
Japan (country) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
|
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
|
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
Comments: Reported as possibly an invasive plant in the Galápagos Islands per Charles Darwin Research Station.
Additional information:
Additional online information about Alpinia zerumbet is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Information about Alpinia zerumbet as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Taxonomic information about Alpinia zerumbet may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
Other Latin names: Alpinia speciosa (J. C. Wendl.) K. Schum.
References:
Charles Darwin Foundation. 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador.
Charles Darwin Research Station. 2005. CDRS Herbarium records.
Flynn, Tim/Lorence, David H. 2002. Additions to the flora of the Hawaiian Islands. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2000. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 69:14-16.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1987. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian monocotyledonae. Micronesica 20:1-126.
Henderson, Lesley. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute Agricultural Research Council [South Africa]. 300 pp.
Kato, Hidetoshi. 2007. Herbarium records of Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University. Personal communication.
MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.
McCormack, Gerald. 2008. Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga.
Meyer, Jean-Yves. 2007. Rapport de mission sur l'Ile d'Uvea (Wallis & Futuna) du 6 au 17 Novembre 2007: Inventaire preliminaire de la flore vasculaire secondaire [unpublished report]. Délégation à la Recherche, Ministère de l'Education, l'Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche, B.P. 20981 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie française. 39 pp.
Oppenheimer, Hank. 2008. New plant records from Oahu for 2007. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100:22-38.
Smith, Albert C. 1979. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 1. 494 pp.
Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie. 2009. Report to the Republic of Palau: 2008 update on Invasive Plant Species. USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii. (In press).
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.