Allamanda cathartica L., Apocynaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

High risk, score: 8 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))
Reject, score 12 (Go to the risk assessment (U.S. (Florida)))

Other Latin names:  Allamanda cathartica var. hendersonii (W. Bull ex Dombrain) L. H. Bailey & Raffill; Allamanda hendersonii Bull ex Dombrain; Allamanda nobilis T. Moore

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: ruan zhi huang chan

English: allamanda, angel's trumpet, brownbud allamanda, buttercup vine, common trumpetvine, cup of gold, golden allamanda, golden cup, golden trumpet, yellow allamanda, yellow trumpet vine, yellowbell

French: allamanda, canari, liane à lait, liane jaune, liane s'aime, monette jaune

Hawaiian: lani ali‘i, nani ali‘i

Maori (Cook Islands): ‘aramena, pūpua, pua, puapua, pupua, tiare rengarenga

Pohnpeian: pah-toh, pahtou

Samoan: pua taunofo, puatauno

Spanish: allamanda, campana de oro, copa de oro

Tahitian: piti

Tongan: pua, pula

Tongarevan (spoken): tiale lenga

Tongarevan (written): tiare renga

Habit:  vine

Description:  "An evergreen scandent shrub; branches circular, smooth and green. Leaves in whorls of 4 or opposite, oblong, obovate or oblanceolate, 6-10 x 3-4 cm, acuminate, cuneate, ± coriaceous, penni-nerved, entire, glabrous above, pilose on nerves beneath; petiole short c. 5 mm long. Inflorescence axillary or a terminal cymose panicle, bracts deciduous. Flower showy, bright yellow. c. 8 cm in diameter. Sepals 5, lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, glabrous, c. 7-10 mm long. Corolla tube c.2.5 cm long, throat infundibuliform, c. 1.25 cm in diameter, lobes orbricular-rotundate c. 3.5 x 4 cm, glabrous. Stamens inserted in the throat, acute, c. 3.5 mm long; filament very short; style c. 2.5 cm long, filiform; fruit a globose-subglobose prickly capsule, c. 2-3 cm long, prickles soft, c. 7.5 mm long, seeds many, obovate, flat winged"  (Flora of Pakistan online).

"Shrub with scandent branches or all climbing.  Leaves in whorls of 4 or 3 or some opposite; petioles 2-3 mm long; blades obovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5-12 x 2.5-6 cm, base narrowed, apex acuminate, margin entire, leathery.  Flowers with calyx eglandular; corolla 7-9 cm long, 5-7.5 cm across, bright yellow.  Capsules globose, 4 cm in diameter, densely covered with soft spines 1 cm long; seeds compressed, tan, slightly margined" (Howard, 1989; p. 100).

"Climbing shrub; leaves whorled, oblong-lanceolate, acute-acuminate, 8-15 cm long, mostly 4-5 cm wide; inflorescence of about 10 flowers; corolla tube 4 cm long (or more), the spreading lobes totaling 6-7 cm wide (or more), bright yellow; stamens very short; capsules (very rare in cultivation)" (Stone, 1970; p. 477).

"A scrambling plant which may form a shrub-like clump or climb into nearby vegetation (clumps are usually 2 m tall and 2-3 m wide).  Several cultivars have been developed for gardens (depending on the cultivar, flower colour ranges from pink to yellow)"  (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 92).  Also, small- and large-flowered forms (Stone, 1970; p. 477).

Habitat/ecology:  Moist, well-drained sunny soils. "A weed of roadsides in the 'wet tropics' region of north Queensland [Australia]" (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 92).  "Wild and naturalized allamanda grows on riverbanks in Suriname (Tropilab Inc. 2002), on disturbed sites in Florida (Long and Lakela 1976), along roads (Liogier 1995), and on abandoned farms, house places, and around clandestine dumps in Puerto Rico (author's observation). The species is intolerant to intermediate in tolerance to shade. It can grow below brush and a thin forest canopy, usually without blooming, but blooms and makes its greatest growth in full sun. Allamanda grows best in well drained, moist, sandy soils rich in organic matter (Barcellos 2002). It does not tolerate salty soils, highly alkaline conditions, and is killed by temperatures of -1° C (Floridata 2002, Tropilab Inc. 2002). In Nicaragua, the species occurs between 0 and 700 m in elevation (Stevens and others 2001). Allamanda has naturalized in Puerto Rico in areas that receive between about 1000 and 2800 mm of mean annual precipitation"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).

In Fiji, "abundantly cultivated near sea level and occasionally naturalized" (Smith, 1988; p. 100). In New Caledonia, "très commun comme plante ornementale" (MacKee, 1994). Arid lowlands and moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 318).

Propagation:  Seeds and cuttings.

Native range:  Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela; widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 42)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 32)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced cultivated	Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 57)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 129955) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Northern Mariana Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 88)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) cv. Hendersonii
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 73)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 78)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 665034) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 84)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 63)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 129961) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 78109) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 55) Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 296 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 78108) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 649341) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda hendersonii Bull.
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 12)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 78111) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 78114) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) Also cv. Hendersonii
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 90) Voucher cited: Kanehira 1535 (NY); var. hendersonii (Bull.) Baile & Raffill, voucher cited Glassman 2721 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced cultivated	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 68) Vouchers cited: E. Albert 37 (NY), E. Albert 37b (NY, PTBG), A. Dores 217 (NY, PTBG), S.F. Glassman 2721 (BISH), E.Y. Hosaka 3545 (BISH), Y. Salomon 45 (PTBG), M. Takamatsu 757 (BISH), C.Y.C. Wong 51 (BISH); cv 'Hendersonii' widely cultivated.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 78110) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 129959) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 129960) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1968) (voucher ID: PTBG 26440) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 43555) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 88)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1988) (p. 101) Cv. Hendersonii. Vouchers cited: Greenwood 1195, DA 16785, DA 11553 Occasionally naturalized.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 33454) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced cultivated	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 21) Voucher cited: Fosberg 11109 (BISH)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) cv. 'hendersonii'. Voucher cited: B.G. Decker 2650 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced cultivated	Grant, Martin Lawrence;Fosberg, F. Raymond/Smith, Howard M. (1974) (p. 39) Voucher cited: Mumford & Adamson 407 (BISH)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: M.-H. Sachet 1936 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39907) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica 'Hendersonii'
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 6) var. hendersonii (Bull) Rafill
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 33) Voucher cited: Grant 4112
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 6)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 649185) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1981) (voucher ID: PTBG 26429) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica 'Hendersonii'
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 33) Vouchers cited: Moore 273, Moore 320
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced cultivated	Grant, Martin Lawrence;Fosberg, F. Raymond/Smith, Howard M. (1974) (p. 39) Voucher cited: Moore 273 (BISH, MIN)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 6) var. hendersonii (Bull) Rafill
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 33) Vouchers cited: Florence 2243, BRY 24803
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Grant, Martin Lawrence;Fosberg, F. Raymond/Smith, Howard M. (1974) (p. 39) Voucher cited: Grant 4112 (BISH, MIN)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Allamanda cathartica 'Hendersonii'. Voucher cited: J. Florence 2243 (PAP) Ornementale trés abondante.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 491503) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) cv. "hendersonii". Voucher cited: J. Florence 9094 (PAP). "Ornementale subspontanée"
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raro‘ia Atoll	introduced cultivated	Meyer, Jean-Yves/Fourdrigniez, Marie (2008) (p. 13)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 6118 (PAP) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 404872) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 552837) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 404871) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 477) Vouchers cited: Stone 4271 (GUAM), Stone 4404 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) Also cv. Hendersonii
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1962) (voucher ID: BISH 129956) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 649339) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1966) (voucher ID: PTBG 26441) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral R. (2005) (pp. 118-119)
Japan (offshore islands) Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii. Not seen by Space & Imada, 2004.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 98)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 64)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced cultivated	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 90) Voucher cited: Fosberg 58697 (US)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 15) Voucher cited: MacKee 21468
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 44) Voucher cited: CHR 168844
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 7)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 96) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9937 (BISH)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 84)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 650470) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 661161) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 213) cv. Hendersonii
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 79)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 129957) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda cathartica L.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 571483) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda hendersonii Bull.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 649343) Taxon name on voucher: Allamanda hendersonii Bull.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 79)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 79)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 10)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	cultivated	Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 439) In gardens.
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced invasive cultivated	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 320) Cultivated for ornamental purposes, occasionally semi-established in thickets near dwellings or settlements.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced cultivated	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 46) Voucher cited: Fosberg & B. Christian 11182
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 69)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 65)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced cultivated	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 45)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka and Foa Islands	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 70)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 218) "Frequent in villages".
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis (‘Uvea) Island	introduced cultivated	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 30)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 92)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Panama (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 209) Ornamental.
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco Naturalized
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 12) Casual
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	introduced invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced cultivated	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 102)
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced cultivated	Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Cultivé"
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized

Comments:  Widely cultivated. Invasive in northern Queensland, Australia.

Control: 

Physical:  "Getting rid of spot infestations can be difficult.  Cutting is ineffective. For grubbing to work, removal of the plant stems and roots from the site must be complete" (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).