Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd., Euphorbiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

High risk, score: 12 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))
Evaluate, score: 3 (Go to the risk assessment (U.S. (Florida)))

Other Latin names:  Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.; Aleurites triloba Forst.; Croton moluccanus L.

Common name(s): [more details]

Austral: tiairi, tiairi

Carolinian: raguar

Chamorro: lumbang, raguar

Chinese: shi li

English: candlenut, Indian walnut

Fijian: lauci, lauthe, lauthi, nggerenggere, qereqere, sekethi, sikeci, sikeli, sikethi, toto, tuitui, waiwai

French: bancoulier, noyer de bancoul, noyer des Moluques

Hawaiian: kuikui, kukui

Mangarevan: rama

Maori (Cook Islands): tuitui

Marquesan: ‘ama, ama

Niuean: tuitui

Other: doodoe, doodway, dudui, tiaieri

Palauan: sakan

Pohnpeian: sakan, shakan

Rapan: tiairi

Samoan: lama, lama

Spanish: árbol de tocte, calumbán, camirio, cocochile, lumbán

Tahitian: ahama, ‘ama, tahii tairi, tahiri, ti‘a‘iri, tiairi, tuitui, tutui, tutu‘i, tutu‘i

Tongan: tuitui

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Tree 10 m tall or more, bark gray-brown to blackish; leaves and inflorescence with a mealy-scurfy whitish to light brown indument; leaves simple and ovate or trilobed or rarely 5-lobed, or sublanceolate, or subdeltoid, acute at apex, rounded, truncate, or subcordate at base, 3-5-nerved from the base, midrib thereafter pinnately branches; blades mostly 10-20 cm long, on an equally long slender petiole; 2 glands at junction of blade and petiole; flowers small, greenish-white, in panicles, male and female on same plant; panicles 10-15 cm long, many-flowered, terminal; petals pubescent, elliptic-spathulate; stamens of unequal lengths; ovary pubescent; fruit globose or bi-globose, 1-2-seeded, olivaceous, glabrescent, 4-6 cm long, indehiscent, with bony endocarp and oily seeds" (Stone, 1970; p. 368).

Habitat/ecology:  Favors moist valleys.  Grows to elevations of 2000 m on a variety of soils.  In Hawai‘i, "a Polynesian introduction, now a conspicuous component of mesic valley vegetation, 0-700 m"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 598).  In Fiji, "found from near sea level to an elevation of 825 m in forest or along its edges, in thickets, and sometimes along the shore"  (Smith, 1981; pp. 548-549). In New Caledonia, "l'arbre est localement abondant sur schistes en forêts peu ou pas dégradées, et dans les forêts côtières sur calcaires des îles Loyauté" (MacKee, 1994; p. 50).

Propagation:  Large, heavy seeds. An early introduction, undoubtedly it was widely spread by humans. Nevertheless, as can be observed in Hawai‘i, this species has spread further following introduction by whatever means, now growing even in seemingly totally inaccessable spots.

Native range:  Malaysia and western Polynesia; early introduction throughout Polynesia.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 46) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9540 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 137839) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 46)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 430640) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 44)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 46) Voucher cited: Garber 777 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 137842) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 418175) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 32)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 77)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 649554) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 82006) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 84)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 137790) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 90)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 96)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 63)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 137789) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 132)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 69) Voucher cited: Glassman 2867 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	possibly introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 84) Vouchers cited: S.F. Glassman 2867 (BISH), P. Raynor 111 (NY, PTBG), S.H. Riesenberg 77 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 984 (BISH) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 137863) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 137866) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 137867) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 137868) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 444836) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 132)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 659885) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 659886) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Fiji Islands		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1937) (voucher ID: BISH 649553) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Voucher cited: Smith 23
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1933) (voucher ID: BISH 137852) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Koro Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Vouchers cited: Smith 1059, Smith 7945
Fiji Fiji Islands	Koro Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 137855) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 950
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ngau Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137856) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ngau Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137857) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ovalau Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Voucher cited: Smith 7406
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ovalau Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137853) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Ovalau Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137854) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Voucher cited: Weiner 71-7-33a
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1971) (voucher ID: BISH 448533) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Vouchers cited: DA 12201 (DF 51), Bierhorst F166
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Mbalavu Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 1046
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 548-549) Vouchers cited: Smith 4308, Degener 14957, Gillespie 4249, DA L.13483 (DF 1195), Berry 114, DF 385 (Damanu 72), Smith 8855, Gillespie 2831, St. John 18249, DA 2503, DA 12090
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 33122) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 36316) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 137843) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1941) (voucher ID: BISH 137844) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137846) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 137847) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1937) (voucher ID: BISH 137849) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 137850) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 137851) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 649552) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Akamaru Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Akamaru Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Akamaru Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 17) Voucher cited: St. John 14684 (BISH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Akamaru Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405407) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 17) Voucher cited: St. John 14620 (BISH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405408) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 17) Vouchers cited: Agassiz 103 (GH), Quayle & Curtis 432 (BISH), St. John 14456 (BISH), St. John 14558 (BISH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137792) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137793) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137794) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137795) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405449) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405458) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1838) (voucher ID: BISH 634785) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J.-C. Thibault 1050 (PAP), J.-C. Thibault 1054 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137796) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 7328 (PAP), J. Florence 7380 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137798) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island		Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J.-C. Thibault 1089 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 137797) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137799) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1930) (voucher ID: BISH 137810) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1963) (voucher ID: BISH 585111) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39861) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 137811) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 597997) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4286 (PAP), J. Florence 6930 (PAP), J. Florence 4286 (PAP), J. Florence 7532 (PAP), J. Florence 7537 (PAP), B. Toutain 4246 (PAP) nat
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 137801) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 137802) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137803) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137804) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 544939) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 555100) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 597996) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39359) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39586) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137805) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137806) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: S.P. Perlman & K.R. Wood 15929 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1964) (voucher ID: BISH 584909) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 12097 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1993) (voucher ID: BISH 665110) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 604031) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maiao (Maiaoiti, Mauiti, Tupuaemanu) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maiao (Maiaoiti, Mauiti, Tupuaemanu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 40) Voucher cited: Gillette 9 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 10266 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 137822) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 422471) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 662495) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 2097 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 137827) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 491166) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 599184) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 614464) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 634713) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 659887) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 1002656) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1973) (voucher ID: PTBG 22201) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 101) Voucher cited: BRY 25419
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 3390 (PAP), J. Florence 3397 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 492095) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 101) Voucher cited: BRY 26531
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5253 (PAP), J. Florence 10508 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 492246) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 662497) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 101)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 4609 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1912) (voucher ID: BISH 137823) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1910) (voucher ID: BISH 137824) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1927) (voucher ID: BISH 137825) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 137826) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1910) (voucher ID: BISH 137828) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 558145) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 614463) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5644 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11314 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405352) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405367) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553342) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 662496) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 6452 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137817) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137818) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1922) (voucher ID: BISH 137819) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137820) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405442) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1984) (voucher ID: BISH 493200) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1984) (voucher ID: BISH 634707) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137785) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405362) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5578 (PAP), J. Florence 5979 (PAP) Naturalisé
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 137784) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137786) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137787) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137788) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 137821) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405419) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 545616) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553140) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 558110) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25) Naturalized
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405347) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405348) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405349) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 368) Uncommon. Voucher cited: Stone 3921 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 132)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 137861) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 137862) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 137864) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1912) (voucher ID: BISH 437865) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 660131) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 660510) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 598) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 598) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 598) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 598) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 598) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 598) Naturalized
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 132)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	uncertain if native	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 100) Not seen on this survey and may no longer be present.
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 50) Voucher cited: Däniker 2359 (Z) Spontané
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Maré	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 50) Voucher cited: Däniker 2574 (Z) Spontané
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced abo. intro.	Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 380) Localement abondante, peut-être indigène.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 50) May be indigenous. Vouchers cited: Balansa 3442a, Däniker 694 (Z), MacKee 3586, Rolly in MacKee 32051 Spontané
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 137858) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	introduced invasive abo. intro.	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 50) Voucher cited: Sam in MacKee 43250 Spontané en forêt
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Sykes, W. R. (1977) (pp. 104-105)
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 624) "Known from 4 localities on Raoul only. Plantation and forest".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced abo. intro.	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 85) Vouchers cited: CHR 169704, CHR 169705
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 22)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 31) Voucher cited: Whistler 10876
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 74) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9702 (BISH) "Occasional throughout the island".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 49)
Niue Niue	Niue Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1940) (voucher ID: BISH 137833) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago		Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (pp. 312-313)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)		Waterhouse, Barbara (year unknown)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1963) (voucher ID: PTBG 45146) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 448) At low and medium altitudes, in second-growth forests, thickets, etc.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	introduced	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H./Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 31)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 137816) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 103)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	Florence, J. (1997) (p. 25)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 38) Vouchers cited: Ross 3, St. John 14980, J. P. Chapin 950
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 137813) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 137814) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405453) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 69)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1931) (voucher ID: BISH 137840) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417663) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1979) (voucher ID: BISH 439209) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 609303) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	probably introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 6)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 137841) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 649555) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 45)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 15754, Hotta 4850, Whistler 6593
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Kao Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 639344) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 164-165) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15754
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137834) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Tofua Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: Scarth-Johnson 18, Buelow 578
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 164-165) "Frequent throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: Lister, Hurlimann 157, Yuncker 15460, Hotta 5172, Sykes 323, Whistler 7449, Martin 5
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 164-165) Vouchers cited: Hürlimann 157, Yuncker 15460
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137835) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 137838) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 600934) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 50)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: Moseley n.s., Forster n.s., Setchell & Parks 15314,Yuncker 15058, Hotta 4522, Soakai 908, Scarth-Johnson 18, Whistler 6769
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 164-165) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15058
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137836) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 3293) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 349)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Voucher sited: Sykes
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuafo‘ou Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Voucher cited: Buelow 2174
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Voucher cited: Kirch 268
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 459225) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Tafahi Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: (Whistler)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: Harvey s.n., Crosby s.n., Yuncker 16135, Hotta 4938
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 164-165) Voucher cited: Yuncker 16135
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 53)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 137837) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Johnston Atoll	Johnston Island	introduced cultivated	Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 56)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Futuna Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 36578) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Futuna Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 36715) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Futuna Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 418332) Taxon name on voucher: Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd.
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis (‘Uvea) Island	introduced cultivated	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 33)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 176)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 12) Casual
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (pp. 17, 102) Formerly widely planted. Naturalized
Maldives Maldive Islands	Malè Atoll	cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 23)
French Territory of Mayotte Mayotte Islands	Mayotte Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2010)

Comments:  Listed as a moderate invader on Pitcairn Island (Meyer, 2000; p. 103). Widespread in the Hawaiian Islands.

Control:  Where control is needed, trees can be cut down and stumps treated with glyphosate to prevent resprouting. "Even quite large trees can apparently be killed by basal bark application of 10% Garlon 600 in diesel oil. Pending the results of field trials seedlings should be sprayed with 2% Roundup plus Pule in clean water, and saplings and trees either cut stump treated or sem injected with 50% Roundup in clean water or basal bark treated with 10% Garlon 600 in diesel oil. Large trees may be controlled either by cut stump treatment with 50% Roundup or possibly by stem injection with 100% Roundup." (Swarbrick, 1997; p. 17).

Additional information:
Information from the Purdue University NewCROP web site.
Fact sheet from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" (PDF format).
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.
Information from the ASEAN Tropical Plant Database.

Additional online information about Aleurites moluccana is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Aleurites moluccana as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Aleurites moluccana may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. 1976. The natural history of Johnston Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 192. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 479 pp.

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 137814 (Whitney Expedition s.n.).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 137816 (Whitney Expedition s.n.).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 137864 (GuamExp.Station 331).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1838. Voucher specimen #BISH 634785 (M.Hombron 1841).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1910. Voucher specimen #BISH 137824 (Tilden 333).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1910. Voucher specimen #BISH 137828 (Tilden 333).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1912. Voucher specimen #BISH 137823 (Tilden 1032).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1912. Voucher specimen #BISH 437865 (Thompson, J.B. 86).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137785 (A.M.Stokes 32).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137786 (A.M.Stokes 87).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137787 (A.M.Stokes 126).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137788 (A.M.Stokes 174).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137804 (F.B.H.Brown 427).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137818 (A.M.Stokes 19).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137820 (A.M.Stokes 19).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 137821 (A.M.Stokes 118).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 649555 (A.J.Eames 48).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137792 (E.H.Quayle 432).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137793 (E.H.Quayle 418).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137794 (E.H.Quayle 418).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137795 (E.H.Quayle 427).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137796 (R.H.Beck 1525).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137798 (F.B.H.Brown 909).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137799 (E.H.Quayle 1653).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137803 (E.H.Quayle 1252).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137805 (E.H.Quayle 1696).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137806 (E.H.Quayle 1816).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137817 (Whitney Expedition 319).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1922. Voucher specimen #BISH 137819 (Whitney Expedition 319).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1926. Voucher specimen #BISH 137838 (H.E.Parks 16077).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 137825 (L.H.MacDaniels 1633).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 137847 (J.W.Gillespie 2831).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 137850 (J.W.Gillespie 3609).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 137851 (J.W.Gillespie 3609).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1927. Voucher specimen #BISH 649552 (J.W.Gillespie 4249).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1928. Voucher specimen #BISH 137790 (J.Graham 3).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1928. Voucher specimen #BISH 137826 (A.M.Adamson 10).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 137789 (G.P.Wilder 904).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 137797 (E.P.Mumford 4).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 137811 (E.P.Mumford 535).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 137841 (E.Christophersen 333).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 137842 (D.W.Garber 777).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1930. Voucher specimen #BISH 137810 (PacificEnt.Survey Ex 4).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1931. Voucher specimen #BISH 137840 (E.Christophersen 2438).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1933. Voucher specimen #BISH 137852 (A.C.Smith 23).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 137784 (J.P.Chapin 845).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 137801 (J.P.Chapin 732).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 137813 (J.P.Chapin 950).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 137822 (St.John, H. 14214).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 137855 (A.C.Smith 1059).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405347 (St.John, H. 16211).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405348 (St.John, H. 16211).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405349 (St.John, H. 16211).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405352 (St.John, H. 16110).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405362 (St.John, H. 16846).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405367 (St.John, H. 15863).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405407 (St.John, H. 14684).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405408 (St.John, H. 14620).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405419 (St.John, H. 16546).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405442 (St.John, H. 15794).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405449 (St.John, H. 14456).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405453 (St.John, H. 14980).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1934. Voucher specimen #BISH 405458 (Fosberg, F.R. 11360).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 444836 (M.Takamatsu 984).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1937. Voucher specimen #BISH 137849 (St.John, H. 18249).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1937. Voucher specimen #BISH 649553 (J.M.Valentine 1).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 137839 (T.G.Yuncker 9540).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1939. Voucher specimen #BISH 649554 (T.G.Yuncker 9396).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1940. Voucher specimen #BISH 137833 (T.G.Yuncker 9702).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1941. Voucher specimen #BISH 137844 (Degener, O. 14957).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1947. Voucher specimen #BISH 137843 (Smith, A.C. 4308).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1947. Voucher specimen #BISH 137858 (Buchholz, J.T. 1397).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1947. Voucher specimen #BISH 137867 (S.H.Riesenberg 77).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1947. Voucher specimen #BISH 137868 (S.H.Riesenberg 77).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1949. Voucher specimen #BISH 137866 (S.F.Glassman 2867).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137834 (T.G.Yuncker 15754).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137835 (T.G.Yuncker 15460).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137836 (T.G.Yuncker 15058).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137837 (T.G.Yuncker 16135).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137846 (Smith, A.C. 8855).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137853 (Smith, A.C. 7406).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137854 (Smith, A.C. 7406).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137856 (Smith, A.C. 7945).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 137857 (Smith, A.C. 7945).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1954. Voucher specimen #BISH 137861 (Fosberg, F.R. 35534).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1954. Voucher specimen #BISH 137862 (Fosberg, F.R. 35534).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1954. Voucher specimen #BISH 137863 (Fosberg, F.R. 35533).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1960. Voucher specimen #BISH 137802 (B.G.Decker 284).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1963. Voucher specimen #BISH 585111 (B.G.Decker 955).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1964. Voucher specimen #BISH 584909 (B.G.Decker 2279).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1966. Voucher specimen #BISH 660131 (Evans, M. 1488).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1966. Voucher specimen #BISH 660510 (Evans, M. 1763).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1967. Voucher specimen #BISH 33122 (P.Ranamu FD 1195).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1967. Voucher specimen #BISH 137827 (H.M.Smith 98).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 36715 (MacKee, M. 19).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1969. Voucher specimen #BISH 36316 (M.A.Weiner MW-69-F20A).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1969. Voucher specimen #BISH 36578 (D.E.Yen 424).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1969. Voucher specimen #BISH 82006 (D.R.Stoddart 2239).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1971. Voucher specimen #BISH 448533 (M.A.Weiner MW-71-7-33a).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1973. Voucher specimen #BISH 417663 (Whistler, W.A. W 928).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1973. Voucher specimen #BISH 634713 (J.Raynal 17810).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 418175 (Whistler, W.A. W 1293).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 418332 (Kirch, P.V. 37).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 597997 (B.G.Decker 2795).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1975. Voucher specimen #BISH 430640 (J.Kuruc J 91).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1975. Voucher specimen #BISH 597996 (J.C.Thibault 120).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1976. Voucher specimen #BISH 459225 (P.V.Kirch 268).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1977. Voucher specimen #BISH 422471 (Gagné, B.H. 1612).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1979. Voucher specimen #BISH 439209 (P.A.Cox 239).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1980. Voucher specimen #BISH 659885 (Fosberg, F.R. 60025).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1980. Voucher specimen #BISH 659886 (Fosberg, F.R. 60025).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1981. Voucher specimen #BISH 491166 (J.Florence 2097).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1981. Voucher specimen #BISH 599184 (Fosberg, F.R. 60980).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1981. Voucher specimen #BISH 604031 (Fosberg, F.R. 61154).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1981. Voucher specimen #BISH 1002656 (Fosberg, F.R. 60980).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 492095 (J.Florence 3390).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 555100 (J.Florence 4286).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 558110 (R.Graffe 3).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 614463 (Fosberg, F.R. 62901).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 614464 (Fosberg, F.R. 63684).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 639344 (G.Buelow 2918).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 659887 (Fosberg, F.R. 63684).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 492246 (J.Florence 5253).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 545616 (J.Florence 5979).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 553140 (J.Florence 5578).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 553342 (J.Florence 5644).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1984. Voucher specimen #BISH 493200 (J.Florence 6452).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1984. Voucher specimen #BISH 634707 (N.Hallé 7435).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1986. Voucher specimen #BISH 544939 (J.Florence 7532).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1986. Voucher specimen #BISH 609303 (P.A.Cox 924).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1988. Voucher specimen #BISH 558145 (P.Birnbaum 102).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1990. Voucher specimen #BISH 600934 (A.Whistler 7449).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1990. Voucher specimen #BISH 662495 (Florence 10266).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1990. Voucher specimen #BISH 662497 (Florence 10508).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1992. Voucher specimen #BISH 662496 (Florence 11314).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1993. Voucher specimen #BISH 665110 (Florence 12097).

Burkill, I. H. 1900. The flora of Vavau, one of the Tonga Islands, with a short account of its vegetation by Charles Steele Crosby. Lin. Jour. Bot. 35:20-65.

Charles Darwin Foundation. 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador.

Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. 2009. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 273 pp.

Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France. 2010. Les espéces envahissantes en outre-mer (online resource).

Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. 1990. Common and scientific names of trees and shrubs of Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. Pac. SW Forest and Range Expt. Stn. Resource Bulletin PSW-67. 91 pp.

Florence, J. 1997. Flore de la Polynésie française, Vol. 1. Paris. Editions de l'Orstom, Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération, Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales 34. 393 pp.

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

Fosberg, F. R. 1957. The Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 58. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 37 pp.

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. 1987. Flora of Maupiti, Society Islands. The Smithsonian Institution. Atoll Research Bulletin 294:1-70.

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H./Stoddart, D. R. 1983. Henderson Island (Southeast Polynesia): Summary of current knowledge. Atoll Res. Bull. 272. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 47 pp. + photos.

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.

Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe. 1996. Conséquences des introductions d'espèces animales et végétales sur la biodiversité en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie) 51:375-401.

Glassman, S. F. 1952. The flora of Ponape. Bishop Mus. Bull. 209: 1-152.

Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. 1988. Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin No. 7. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Honiara. 203 pp.

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