Adenanthera pavonina L., Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 7 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: colales, culalis, kolales, kolales, kulales, kulalis

English: bead tree, coral bean tree, coralwood, false wiliwili, peacock flower-fence, Polynesian peanut, red bead tree, red sandalwood tree

Fijian: lera, lere ndamu, pomea, vaivai, vaivai ni vavalangi

French: bois de condori, bois noir de Bourbon, bois noir rouge

Kosraean: metekam, metkam, metkem, mwetkwem

Kwara‘ae: tatarabebe

Maori (Cook Islands): kōviriviri, mata kōviriviri, pitipiti‘ō

Niuean: pomea

Other: dschemudscha

Palauan: telengtúngd, telentundalel

Pohnpeian: kaikes

Samoan: lopa, lopa

Spanish: árbol del coral

Tahitian: la‘au paina, lopa, paina, pitipitio papa‘a

Tongan: lopa

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Medium sized, deciduous tree; leaves with 2-6 pairs of pinnae; leaflets 6-12 pairs, 2-5 cm long, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, rather pale green, thin; flowers in slender, elongate racemes, borne in axils; flowers yellowish, sweet-fragrant; calyx 4-5-toothed; stamens 8-10; pods slender, linear, curved or contorted, dehiscent, thin, flattened, brown, smooth and shiny inside; seeds lenticular, suborbicular, hard, dark or bright red, about 8 mm wide, 10-12 per pod" (Stone, 1970; p. 296).

Habitat/ecology:  "Grows on a variety of soils...and in seasonally and more permanently moist climates throughout the tropics" (Swarbrick, 1997; p. 15). Trees produce large quantities of seed. It will grow on a variety of soils in moist and seasonally moist tropical climates. In Fiji, "thoroughly naturalized along roads, in dry forest, and occasionally in dense forest, at elevations from near sea level to about 600 m" (Smith, 1985; pp. 56-57). In New Caledonia, "cet arbre de large répartition en Asie tropicale et le Pacifique est parfois planté sur la Grande-Terre. Il est beaucoup plus commun aux îles Loyauté où il se comporte plutôt comme indigène, paraissant au moins comme composant régulier de forêts peu dégradées" (MacKee, 1994; p. 77).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Southeastern Asia and Malaysia, but widely cultivated and introduced.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 4)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 4)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 430517) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 12) Voucher cited: Whistler 3386
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 430197) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (pp. 4, 11)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 152784) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane (2000) (p. 5)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 33)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 6)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 6)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 666205) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 6)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 6)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 6)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 6)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 614715) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 5)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 5)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Waguk, Erick E. (2000) (p. 5)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2005) (p. 15)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Josekutty, P. C./Wakuk, E. E./Joseph, M. J. (2002) (p. 62)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2005) (p. 17) Only a single adult and a few seedlings seen.
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 152775) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 152779) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 74) Voucher cited: Glassman 2759 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (1998) (p. 20)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 152772) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 152773) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 152774) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 152776) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C. (1980) (p. 204) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3346 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 503156) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 56-57) Vouchers cited: Garnock-Jones 805, Garnock-Jones 978
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 56-57) Voucher cited: DA
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 56-57) Vouchers cited: DA 327, DF 508, Damanu 147, Smith 9463, Smith 9350, DA 7008, DA 877, DA 11015
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 152780) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 152781) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 583861) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 137-138) Voucher cited: E. Murray 4
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 697271) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 137-138) Vouchers cited: Moore 60, BRY 26094, BRY 26095, BRY 26661
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1994) (voucher ID: BISH 639434) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (pp. 137-138) Voucher cited: Setchell & Parks 251
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 493266) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 560389) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 22) Single tree. Voucher cited: Sachet 2079 (US)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 296)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 152777) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 659582) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. (1995) (p. 19) Voucher cited: Lorence 6413 (BISH, PTBG) Locally naturalized.
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 108)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 99)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 136) Voucher cited: Thaman & Manner 142 (SUVA)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 438372) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	native	Nielsen, I./Prance, Ghillean T./Edmondson, John (1983) (pp. 8-10) Vouchers cited: Balansa 2457, Däniker 2500b, MacKee 16048, MacKee 28305
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Maré	native	Nielsen, I./Prance, Ghillean T./Edmondson, John (1983) (pp. 8-10) Voucher cited: Däniker 2500, MacKee 25451
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll)	native	Nielsen, I./Prance, Ghillean T./Edmondson, John (1983) (pp. 8-10) Voucher cited: Däniker 2500a
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	native	Nielsen, I./Prance, Ghillean T./Edmondson, John (1983) (pp. 8-10) Vouchers cited: Baudouin 336 s.loc., Frqnc 1602 A, MacKee 16075, Pancher 682a
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 120) Vouchers cited: CHR 170446, CHR 170447
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 4)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 33) Vouchers cited: Whistler 10809, Whistler 10849
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 59) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9622 (BISH), Yuncker 9697 (BISH), Yuncker 10143 (BISH) "Frequent in thickets and forested areas".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 9)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 84)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 660692) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 91)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 79)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 152778) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 79)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 8, 79)
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 5)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 100416) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1931) (voucher ID: BISH 152787) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 417892) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 5)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28528) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28602) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 152785) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 152786) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Ndeni (Santa Cruz) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1971) (voucher ID: BISH 79349) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 43)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Soakai 328 (cult.)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka and Foa Islands	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 6)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 131) "Throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 6)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Hotta 5178
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 131) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15510
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 152789) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 152791) Taxon name on voucher: Adenanthera pavonina L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 6)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 26) Vouchers cited: Hotta 4544, Soakai 262 (cult.)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 131) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15113
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuafo‘ou Island	introduced cultivated	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 131) Voucher cited: Hülimann 655
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 6)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis Island	introduced invasive	Orapa, Warea (2005)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Indonesia Indonesia	Irian Jaya (West Papua) (Indonesia) (western New Guinea Island)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (pp. 15, 102)
Comoros Comoro Islands	Comoro Islands	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced cultivated	Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Cultivé"
Maldives Maldive Islands	Maldive Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Rodrigues Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Groupe d'Aldabra	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced invasive	Weber, Ewald (2003) (p. 24)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2005)

Comments:  Very invasive in American Samoa (Space & Flynn, 2000). Widespread or becoming widespread on most Pacific islands where it is present.

Control: 

Physical:  Hand pull or dig out seedlings and saplings. 

Chemical: Stem injection with Roundup® or basal bark treatment with Garlon®. Because the dead trees still carry large numbers of seeds in their leafless canopies, and because of ungerminated seed in the ground, continued control is essential. (Swarbrick, 1997; p. 15).

Additional information:  Information on this prohibited species from the Miami-Dade County [Florida] web site.
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Adenanthera pavonina is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Adenanthera pavonina may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Australian Biological Resources Study. 2007. Flora of Australia Online. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra.

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 0. Voucher specimen #BISH 152777 (Thompson, J.B. 354).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 152785 (Eames, A.J. 157).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 152786 (Eames, A.J. 75).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 152784 (Diefenderfer, P. 17).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1931. Voucher specimen #BISH 152787 (Christophersen, E. 2471).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 152772 (Takamatsu, M. 793).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 152773 (Takamatsu, M. 1037).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 152774 (Takamatsu, M. 1021).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1936. Voucher specimen #BISH 152775 (Takamatsu, M. 404).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1946. Voucher specimen #BISH 152779 (Fosberg, F.R. 26193).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1949. Voucher specimen #BISH 152776 (Glassman, S.F. 2759).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1950. Voucher specimen #BISH 152778 (Fosberg, F.R. 32073).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 152780 (Smith, A.C. 9463).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 152781 (Smith, A.C. 9350).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 152789 (Yuncker, T.G. 15510).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 152791 (Yuncker, T.G. 15113).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1965. Voucher specimen #BISH 659582 (Fosberg, F.R. 46195).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1967. Voucher specimen #BISH 697271 (Smith, H.M. 130).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 28528 (Bristol, M.L. 1996).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 28602 (Bristol, M.L. 2070).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1968. Voucher specimen #BISH 660692 (Emmons, B. 120).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1971. Voucher specimen #BISH 79349 (Yen, D.E. 19793).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1972. Voucher specimen #BISH 100416 (Whistler, W.A. W90).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 417892 (Whistler, W.A. W 1704).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1976. Voucher specimen #BISH 430197 (Whistler, W.A. W 3386).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1976. Voucher specimen #BISH 430517 (Whistler, W.A. W 3738).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1978. Voucher specimen #BISH 438372 (Fosberg, F.R. 58804).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1978. Voucher specimen #BISH 503156 (Stemmerman, L. 3511).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 493266 (Florence, J. 2826).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1988. Voucher specimen #BISH 560389 (Florence, J. 9053).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1988. Voucher specimen #BISH 583861 (Gagné, B.H. s.n.).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1990. Voucher specimen #BISH 614715 (Sykes, W.R. 466981).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1991. Voucher specimen #BISH 666205 (Sykes, W.R. 474794).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1994. Voucher specimen #BISH 639434 (Welsh, S.L. 26094).

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Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim. 2005. Checklist of the plants of Kosrae. Unpublished checklist. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Hawai‘i. 23 pp.

Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy. 2005. Botanical survey of the Yela River valley, Kosrae, F.S.M. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, Hawaii. 19 pp.

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Nielsen, I./Prance, Ghillean T./Edmondson, John. 1983. Légumineuses--Mimosées, Chrysobalanacées, Plombaginacées. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Vol. 12, 139 pp.

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Space, James C./Flynn, Tim. 2002. Report to the Government of the Cook Islands on invasive plant species of environmental concern. USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 146 pp.

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Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. 2000. Invasive plant species in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.  USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 41 pp.

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