Abutilon hirtum (Lamarck) Sweet, Malvaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 5 (Go to the risk assessment).

Other Latin names:  Abutilon graveolens (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Wight & Arn.; Sida graveolens Roxb. ex Hornem.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: e wei qing ma

English: Florida Keys indian mallow

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Subshrublike herbs, ca. 80 cm tall. Branchlets, leaves, petioles, and pedicels densely hairy, with long hirsute and short gland-tipped hairs, or densely tomentose. Stipules filiform, ca. 5 mm, reflexed; petiole 2-9 cm; leaf blade orbicular-cordate, 3-8 x 3.5-7 cm, both surfaces stellate tomentose, base cordate, margin denticulate, apex cuspidate. Flowers solitary, axillary, large. Pedicel shorter than petiole, apically articulate. Calyx campanulate, lobes 5, ovate, 8-10 mm, densely tomentose. Corolla orange with purple center; petals obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, adaxially glabrous. Filament tube ca. 1 cm, stellate hairy at base. Schizocarp nearly globose, ca. 1 x 1.5 cm, apex truncate; mericarps 20-25, stellate hispid with long hairs. Seeds 3-5, nearly reniform, pilose"  (Flora of China online).

Habitat/ecology:  In China, "grasslands; 300-1300 m"  (Flora of China online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Africa, Middle East through southern and southeast Asia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J.-C. Thibault 1003 (PAP), J.-C. Thibault 1041 (PAP), J.-C. Thibault 1086 (PAP), J. Florence & M. Teikiteetini 9330 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 9275) Taxon name on voucher: Abutilon hirtum
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: B.G. Decker 649 (PAP), B.G. Decker 959 (PAP), M.-H. Sachet 1103 (PAP), M.-H. Sachet & B.G. Decker 1886 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J.A. Pancher s.n. (PAP), P.A. Savatier 718 (PAP), B.G. Decker 2025 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 41413) Taxon name on voucher: Abutilon hirtum
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39513) Taxon name on voucher: Abutilon hirtum
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: B.G. Decker 424 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1391 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1433 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1582 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 27985) Taxon name on voucher: Abutilon hirtum (Willd.) Sweet
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: B.G. Decker 2241 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Naturalisée
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 96) Vouchers cited: Vieillard 195, Pancher s.n., Balansa 613, MacKee 12738, MacKee 28604
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 32) In thickets and waste places at low altitudes.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)		Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011) While this source classifies this plant as "native", that status is questionable base on other sources.

Additional information:
Additional online information about Abutilon hirtum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Abutilon hirtum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Abutilon hirtum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. 2008. Flora of the Marquesas Islands. National Tropical Botanical Garden and the Smithsonian Institution. Online database.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

Merrill, Elmer D. 1923. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, vol. 3 [reprint]. Bureau of Printing, Manila. 628 pp.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).