L., Cyperaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Bikol: taga-taga |
Bontoc: okoiang |
Chinese: sui mi suo cao |
English: grasshopper's cyperus, rice flat sedge, ricefield flatsedge, umbrella sedge |
Filipino: alinang, paiung-paiung |
Japanese: kogomegawatsuri |
Palauan: badel aus |
Tahitian: mou, mou hairi |
Habit: sedge
Description: "Cespitose herb, culms to 50 cm tall, few leaves; leaves shorter than culm; bracts longer than inflorescence; inflorescence branched, spikes about 2.5 cm long, about 10-12-flowered; spikelets 6 mm long, glumes spreading, scarcely imbricate, apex rounded with a tiny mucro, pale straw-colored, but green-carinate; achene narrowly obovoid, yellow-brown, trigonal, minutely apiculate" (Stone, 1970; P. 167).
"Annual, with fibrous roots only; culms solitary or a few together, erect, 8-60 cm tall, slender or slightly thick, trigonous, smooth; leaves 2 or 3 to a culm, much shorter than culm; blades linear, 2-5 mm broad, weakly folded; sheaths reddish or somewhat purplish brown; corymbs as a rule compound, 5-15 cm long, 3-10 cm broad, with 3-7 unequal rays 2-12 cm long, each bearing 5-10 spikes; spikes often more or less inclined, elliptic-ovate, 1-4 cm long, bearing 4-20 spikelets; leafy bracts 4 or 5, the lowest 2 or 3 surpassing the corymb; spikelets rather loosely disposed, erect-patent, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, 4-9 mm long, 1.7-2 mm broad, flattened, 6-22-flowered; rhachilla hardly winged; glumes subloosely disposed, obovate-orbicular, 1-1.5 mm long, truncate to shallowly retuse at the usually nucronulate apex, thinly herbaceous, yellow or slightly straw-colored, pale on hyaline upper margin, 3- or 5-nerved, convex on the green keel; achenes obovate, 3-sided, nearly equalling the glume, maturing dark brown; style short, about 1/3 as long as achene; stigmas 3, stamens 3" (Smith, 1979; pp. 250-251).
Illustration by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) courtesy Ecoport.
Habitat/ecology: "It is mainly a weed of open, wet places" (Holm et al., 1977; p. 240). In Fiji, "a naturalized adventive, often locally abundant on Viti Levu from sea level to 300 m, along roadsides and in swamps, cultivated areas, and especially in rice fields" (Smith, 1979; pp. 250-251).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "East Africa and central Asia through India to China and Japan, eastward to Malesia and Australia" (Smith, 1979; pp. 250-251).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
native
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 13) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
native
|
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. Voucher specimen)
Voucher: BMW 5788 (BISH, BRI) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 250-251)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 806B, DA 10556, DA 2845, DA 7818, DA 7987, DA 8685, DA 6093, DA 8617 |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
invasive |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 167)
Voucher cited: Necker 68 |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66) |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
invasive |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 50)
Voucher cited: Thaman & Manner 90a (SUVA) Rare |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 90) | |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 48)
Vouchers cited: MacKee 28356, MacKee 29833, MacKee 36714 |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66) |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (p. 106)
In open wet places; a common and characteristic rice paddy weed. |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 90) | |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
|
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 62) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South Australia, Western Australia |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) |
native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 64, 77) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Forest margins, under shrubs or forests, grasslands by water, mountain slopes, along trails in valleys, river margins, wet places, paddy fields; below 100-2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 310)
In wet places and paddy fields. |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku |
Japan
Ryukyu Islands |
Ryukyu Islands |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
North Korea
North Korea |
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South Korea
South Korea |
South Korea (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Negara Brunei Darussalam
Brunei |
Brunei (Negara Brunei Darussalam) |
native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 64, 77) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 64, 77) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
uncertain if introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 31)
Weed of uncertain origin |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Forest margins, under shrubs or forests, grasslands by water, mountain slopes, along trails in valleys, river margins, wet places, paddy fields; below 100-2000 m. |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 64, 77) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 64, 77) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
extirpated
|
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 111) |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island | Topp, J. M. W. (1988) (p. 18) | |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 23) |
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Control: If you know of control methods for Cyperus iria, please let us know.