Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Report on invasive plant species in Samoa
Appendix 2. Other invasive plant species, mostly ruderal weeds or of agricultural concern
Table 1.
Species not seen or reported to be present in Samoa
Table 2. Introduced species that are
invasive or potentially invasive in Samoa
Table 1. Species not seen or reported to be present in Samoa
|
Scientific Name |
Common Names |
Family |
Habit |
| English: hairy abutilon | Malvaceae | shrub | |
| English: albutilon, Indian abutilon, Indian mallow; Other: malbas, matbas (Guam-Chamorro) | Malvaceae | shrub | |
| velvetleaf | Malvaceae | herb | |
| Acacia sinuata | English: chikakai, piquant sappan, sappan, soap pod | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Acanthocereus tetragonus | English: barbed-wire cactus, sword-pear, triangle cactus | Cactaceae | succulent |
| Other: mbotembotekoro (Fiji) | Asteraceae | herb | |
| English: budda pea, curly-indigo, hard sola, Indian joint-vetch, kat sola, northern joint-vetch, sensitive jointed vetch, sensitive vetch | Fabaceae | herb | |
| Agave americana | English: American aloe, century plant; Other: maguey (Guam-Chamorro) | Agavaceae | herb |
| Alternanthera pungens | English: khaki weed; Spanish: hierba del pollo | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Amaranthus cruentus | English: bush greens, purple amaranth, red amaranth, red shank; French: amarante étalée, queue de renard; Spanish: achita, bledo | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Amaranthus dubius | English: amaranth, spleen amaranth; French: brède de Malabar; Spanish: bledo, bledos malezas, pira; Other: toyala (Fiji); te uekeueke (Kiribati) | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Ammannia auriculata | Lythraceae | herb | |
| Anagallis arvensis | English: bird's-eye, poor-man's weatherglass, red chickweed, scarlet pimpernel, shepherd's-weatherglass; French: buglosse des champs, mouron des champs; Spanish: murajes | Primulaceae | herb |
| Annona reticulata | English: bullock's-heart, custard-apple; French: annone réticulée, coeur de boeuf; Spanish: anona corazón, corazón de buey, mamán; Other: uto ni bulamakau, chotka sarifa (Fiji) | Annonaceae | |
| Argemone mexicana | English: Mexican prickly-poppy, Mexican poppy, prickly poppy, yellow thistle; French: argémone du Mexique; Spanish: adormidera espinosa, cardo santo, chicalote | Papaveraceae | herb |
| Bacopa procumbens | Scrophulariaceae | herb | |
| Bixa orellana | English: anatto, annato, annatto, arnatto, lipstick tree; French: atole, roucou, roucouyer; Spanish: achiote, achote, bija; Other: ‘uaeva, tāmuramura (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)), nggisa, nggesa, qesa (Fiji), ‘uaefa (French Polynesia (Tahiti), achiote (Guam—Chamorro); ‘alaea, ‘alaea la‘au, kumauna (Hawai‘i) | Bixaceae | shrub |
| English: green shrimp plant, blackweed (Samoa), Browne’s blechum; Other: ererion , fetinin namocels (Chuuk); yetbas babney (CNMI—Alamagan); lasaga, yetbas babui (CNMI—Saipan); ligakoka (Faraulap); yerbas babui (Guam); aurowra (Nomwin); vao uli (Samoa); atait (Satawal); gacel, malai, melai (Yap) | Acanthaceae | herb | |
| Borreria verticillata | Rubiaceae | herb | |
| Brachiaria eruciformis | English: sweet signal grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Brassica juncea | English: Chinese mustard, India mustard, Indian mustard, Oriental mustard; Spanish: mostaza india; Other: sausi (Fiji); mostaza (Guam-Chamorro) | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Brugmansia suaveolens | Solanaceae | shrub | |
| Cajanus scarabaeoides | English: peanut grass (Fiji), tropical clover (Fiji) | Fabaceae | vine |
| Caladium bicolor | English: caladium, elephant's-ear, fancy-leaf caladium, heart-of-Jesus; Other: corazon de Santa Maria (Guam-Chamorro); kalo-kalakoa (Hawai'i) | Araceae | herb |
| Calotis lappulacea | English: bur daisy, yellow daisy burr | Asteraceae | herb |
| Catharanthus roseus | English: Cape periwinkle, Madagascar periwinkle, old-maid, rose periwinkle, rosy periwinkle; French: pervenche de Madagascar; Spanish: chatas, chula, pervinca de Madagascar; Other: tiare tāpau (Cook Islands), tiare mākaru (Cook Islands (Mangaia, Oneroa Village)); tiare mākurūta (Cook Islands (Ngaputou)); tiare kimo (Cook Islands (eastern Rarotonga)); tiare akiaki (northern Cook Islands); taramea, tiara taramea (Cook Islands (Aitutaki?)); kātini (Cook Islands (Mangaia, Tamarua Villiage)); kihapai (Hawai‘i)) | Apocynaceae | herb |
| Celosia argentea | English: cockscomb | Amaranthaceae | |
| Centaurea melitensis | English: Maltese cockspur, Maltese star thistle, Napa thistle, yellow star thistle; French: coix de Malte | Asteraceae | herb |
| Centaurium spicatum | English: spiked centaury | Gentianaceae | fern |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides | English: American wormseed, bluebush, Jerusalem tea, Mexican tea, Spanish-tea, wormseed; French: ambroisie du Mexique, herbe a puces; Spanish: apazote, aposote, epazote, hierba hormiguera, pazote, paico (Peru); Other: wai ni ukuwomu (Fiji); apasotes, alapasotes (Chamorro-Guam) | Chenopodiaceae | herb |
| Chenopodium murale | English: Australian-spinach, green fat hen, nettle-leaf goosefoot, salt-green, sowbane | Chenopodiaceae | herb |
| Chloris divaricata | English: slender chloris, star grass, star windmill grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Chloris gayana | English: Rhodes grass; French: chloris, herbe de Rhodes; Spanish: grama de Rodas, pasto de Rodas | Poaceae | grass |
| Chloris virgata | English: feather finger grass, feathered chloris, feathertop Rhodes grass, feathery Rhodes grass, oldland grass, sweet grass; Spanish: verdillo plumerito, zacate pluma | Poaceae | grass |
| Cleome gynandra | English: African spider-flower, bastard-mustard, cat's-whiskers, spider wisp, wild spider flower; French: feuilles caya, mozambé; Spanish: acaya, mouzambi, volatí; Other: honohina, ‘ili‘ohu (Hawai‘i) | Capparaceae | herb |
| Cleome spinosa | English: spiny spider-flower | Capparaceae | herb |
| Conyza aegyptiaca | English: fleabane | Asteraceae | herb |
| Conyza canadensis | English: butterweed, Canadian horseweed, Canadian fleabane, hogweed, horseweed | Asteraceae | herb |
| Corchorus olitorius | English: Jew's mallow, jute, Nalta jute, tossa jute; French: corète potagère; Spanish: yute; Other: melokhia (Fiji) | Tiliaceae | herb |
| Corchorus trilocularis | Tiliaceae | herb | |
| Coronopus didymus | English: bittercress, swinecress, wart cress; Other: lesivao (Tonga) | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Cosmos caudatus | English: cosmos | Asteraceae | herb |
| Cotula australis | Engllish: bachelor's-button, carrotweed, common cotula, Australian brass buttons | Asteraceae | herb |
| Crotalaria linifolia | English: narrow-leaved crotalaria | Fabaceae | herb |
| Crotalaria quinquefolia | English: rattlepod; Other: mboa (Fiji); kaskabeles, cascanetas (Chamorro-Guam) | Fabaceae | herb |
| Crotalaria spectabilis | English: rattlebox, showy crotalaria, showy rattlebox, showy rattlepod; French: crotalaire remarquable; Other: kolomona (Hawai‘i); ha'apai (Tonga) | Fabaceae | herb |
| Cuscuta cassytoides | Cuscutaceae | herb | |
|
English: fir-leaved celery, marsh parsley, slender celery |
Apiaceae |
herb |
|
| Cymbopogon refractus | English: barbwire grass, soap grass; Other: ramga, othangithangi, thoyangiyangi (Fiji); aretu monoi, aretu noanoa (French Polynesia) | Poaceae | grass |
| Cyperus difformis | English: dirty-Dora, one-arm sedge, rice sedge, small-flower umbrella-plant, variable flat sedge | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Cyperus distans | English: slender cyperus | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Cyperus gracilis | English: McCoy grass, slender sedge, whisker grass, whisker sedge; Other: mau‘u hunehune (Hawai‘i) | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Cyperus haspan | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
| Cyperus iria | English: grasshopper's cyperus, rice flat sedge, umbrella sedge; Other: mou, mou hairi | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Cyperus ligularis | English: rocket sedge, swamp flatsedge | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Dactylis glomerata | English: barnyard grass, cocksfoot, cockspur, orchard grass; French: dactyle pelotonné, gramen pelotonné; Spanish: jopillo | Poaceae | grass |
| Datura ferox | English: fierce thorn-apple, large thorn-apple, long-spine thorn-apple | Solanaceae | herb |
| Datura inoxia | English: angel's-trumpet, downy thorn-apple, Indian-apple, sacred datura, thorn-apple; French: datura innocente; Spanish: cacaito | Solanaceae | herb |
| Datura metel | English: datura, downy thorn-apple, Hindu datura, Hindu thorn-apple, hoary thorn-apple, horn-of-plenty, jimson-weed, purple thorn-apple; Spanish: burladora; Other: pūāve (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke, Ngaputoru?)); te uri ni tiana (Kiribati) | Solanaceae | herb |
| Datura stramonium | English: datura, jimsonweed, moonflower, purple thorn-apple, thorn-apple; French: datura stramoine, herbe des taupes, pomme épineuse; Spanish: datura manzana, estramonio, tapa; Other: hurhur (Fiji); lā’au hānō, kīkānia, kīkānia haole (Hawai‘i) | Solanaceae | herb |
| Desmodium gangeticum | Fabaceae | herb | |
| Digitaria eriantha | English: common finger grass, digit grass, pangola grass, woolly finger grass; French: digitaria; Spanish: pangola, pasto pangola | Poaceae | grass |
| Digitaria sanguinalis | English: crab finger grass, hairy crabgrass, large crabgrass, manne terrestre, panic sanguin, summer grass; Spanish: garrachuelo | Poaceae | grass |
| Diplotaxis muralis | English: wall rocket | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Drymaria cordata | English: drymaria, tropical chickweed, West Indian chickweed; French: mourron blanc; Other: pipili, pilipili (Hawai‘i) | Caryophyllaceae | herb |
| Elephantopus mollis | English: elephantopus, elephant’s foot, false tobacco, tobacco weed; French: faux tabac; Other: tapuvae ‘erepani, tapuae ‘erepani, vaevae ‘erepani, tapua ‘erepani? (Cook Islands); tavako ni veikau, jangli tambaku (Fiji); papago' vaca, papago' halom tano, papago' baka, papago' halomtano' (Guam); lata hina, lau veveli (Tonga) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Emex australis | English: doublegee, spiny emex, three-corner Jack | Polygonaceae | herb |
| Polygonaceae | herb | ||
| Emilia coccinea | English: Flora’s paintbrush, tasselflower | Asteraceae | herb |
| Emilia fosbergii | Other: pualele (Hawai‘i—Ni‘ihau) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Eragrostis elongata | English: clustered lovegrass (Australia) | Poaceae | grass |
| Eragrostis tenuifolia | English: elastic grass, love grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Eragrostis tremula | Poaceae | grass | |
| Eragrostis unioloides | Poaceae | grass | |
| Eryngium foetidum | English: false coriander, shadow-beni, stinkweed; French: azier la fièvre, chardon étoilé; Spanish: culantro | Apiaceae | herb |
| Euphorbia helioscopia | English: sun spurge | Euphorbiaceae | herb |
| Euphorbia heterophylla | English: Mexican fireplant, milkweed, painted euphorbia, painted spurge, paintedleaf, wild spurge; French: caca poule; Spanish: hierba de leche; Other: kaliko (Hawai‘i); te tarai (Kiribati) | Euphorbiaceae | herb |
| Euphorbia peplus | English: petty spurge | Euphorbiaceae | herb |
| Eustachys petraea | Poaceae | grass | |
| Fallopia convolvulus | English: black bindweed, wild buckwheat | Polygonaceae | herb |
| Fimbristylis autumnalis | English: slender fimbristylis | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Foeniculum vulgare | English: fennel; French: fenouil; Spanish: hinojo; Other: taretare tui-‘ei (Cook Islands (‘Atiu)); pan mauri, sonf? (Fiji); anis hinoho (Guam—Chamorro); taletale (Niue) | Apiaceae | herb |
| Fuirena umbellata | Other: yefen (Yap) | Cyperaceae | herb |
| Galinsoga parviflora | English: gallant soldier, small-flower galinsoga, yellow weed | Asteraceae | herb |
| Gamochaeta pensylvanica | English: Pennsylvania cudweed | Asteraceae | herb |
| Gamochaeta purpurea | English: purple cudweed | Asteraceae | herb |
| Gloriosa superba | English: climbing-lily, creeping-lily, flame-lily, glory-lily, gloriosa lily; Other: riri vavai-moa (Cook Islands ('Atiu)) | Liliaceae | herb |
| Gomphrena celosioides | English: gomphrena weed | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Gomphrena globosa | English: bachelor's-button, bozu, globe amaranth, pearly everlasting; French: amarantine; Spanish: amarantina, amor seco, eterna; Other: pōkai kura (Cook Islands); buton agaga (Guam-Chamorro); lehua mau loa, lehua, lehua pepa, leihua (Hawai‘i); malila (Niue, Samoa) | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Gomphrena serrata | English: gamphrena (Guam) | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Helianthus argophyllus | English: silverleaf sunflower; Other: siola'a (Samoa) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Heliotropium indicum | English: Indian heliotrope, turnsole; Spanish: alacrancillo; Other: berbena (Guam—Chamorro) | Boraginaceae | herb |
| Heliotropium procumbens | Boraginaceae | herb | |
| English: smooth cats-ear | Asteraceae | herb | |
| Impatiens balsamina | English: impatiens, balsam, garden balsam, rose balsam, spotted snapweed, touch-me-not; French: balsamine des jardins, impatience; Other: kamantigi (Guam), patiale (Samoa); polosomo (Tonga) | Balsaminaceae | succulent |
| Indigofera hirsuta | English: hairy indigo, rough hairy indigo | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Indigofera linifolia | Fabaceae | herb | |
| Indigofera spicata | English: creeping indigo | Fabaceae | herb |
| Ipomoea cairica | English: Cairo morning glory, coastal morning glory, ivy-leaved morning glory, railroad-creeper; Other: koali ‘ai, koali, koali ‘ai‘ai (Ni‘ihau), koali lau manamana, kowali, pa‘ali (Hawai‘i), sefifi sea (Niue) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa | English: bush morning glory, tree ipomoea | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Ipomoea obscura | Convolvulaceae | vine | |
| Ipomoea ochracea | Convolvulaceae | vine | |
| Ipomoea purpurea | English: common morning-glory, tall morning-glory | Convolvulaceae | herb |
| Ipomoea quamoclit | English: Cupid's flower, cypress vine, cypressvine morning-glory, star of Bethlehem, star-glory, sweet-willy; French: cheveux de Venus, liane rouge; Spanish: regadero | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Ipomoea triloba | English: Aiea morning-glory, little bell; Other: fofgu-sabana (Guam-Chamorro); orech (Palau) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Isachne globosa | Poaceae | grass | |
| Jasminum sambac | English: Arabian jasmine; French: jasmin d'Arabie; Spanish: jazmín de Arabia; Other: pītate papa‘ā (Cook Islands (‘Atiu)); sampagita (Guam—Chamorro) | Oleaceae | vine |
| Kyllinga melanosperma | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
| Leontodon taraxacoides | English: rough hawkbit | Asteraceae | herb |
| Lepidium ruderale | English: peppergrass | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Lepidium sativum | English: garden cress; French: cresson alénois; Spanish: berro de huerta | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Lepidium virginicum | English: peppergrass, Virginia peppercress, Virginia pepperweed, wild peppercress; Spanish: cresón (Peru), mancuerno (Peru), escobilla (Venezuela); Other: naunau (Cook Islands (Aitutaki)) | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Leucas lavandulifolia | Other: guma (Fiji) | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Limonia acidissima | English: elephant-apple, Indian wood-apple, wood-apple | Rutaceae | tree |
| Lindernia antipoda | Scrophulariaceae | herb | |
| Lindernia crustacea | Other: moomai pere, haehaa, mataura (French Polynesia) | Scrophulariaceae | herb |
| Lindernia nummulariifolia | Scrophulariaceae | herb | |
| Lygodium palmatum | English: Hartford fern, American climbing fern, creeping fern, Windsor fern | Schizaeaceae | fern |
| Malva parviflora | English: cheeseweed, Egyptian mallow, little mallow, small-flower mallow; French: mauve à petites fleurs, mauve d'Egypte; Spanish: malva | Malvaceae | herb |
| Marrubium vulgare | English: common horehound, horehound, white horehound; French: marrube blanc, marrube vulgaire; Spanish: marrubio común | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Martynia annua | English: devil's claw, iceplant, small-fruit devil's claw, tiger's-claw; French: Tête de mort | Martyniaceae | herb |
| Medicago lupulina | English: black medic, hop-clover, nonesuch, yellow trefoil; French: lupuline, minette dorée; Spanish: mielga azafranada | Fabaceae | herb |
| Medicago polymorpha | English: burr medic, California bur-clover, hairy medic, toothed bur-clover, toothed medic; French: luzerne hérissée; Spanish: carretón de amores, trébol de carretilla | Fabaceae | herb |
| Melochia corchorifolia | Other: bundaya, bundahia, bundava (Fiji) | Sterculiaceae | herb |
| Merremia bracteata | Other: ambui (Solomon Islands) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Merremia hirta | Convolvulaceae | herb | |
| Merremia pacifica | Other: veliyawa (Fiji) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Merremia umbellata | English: yellow wood rose; Other: sovivi (Fiji) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Monochoria hastata | English: arrow-leaf monochoria, hastate-leaf pondweed, monochoria | Pontederiaceae | aquatic herb |
| Monochoria vaginalis | English: cordate monochoria, oval-leaf monochoria, oval-leaf-pondweed, pickerel weed; Other: mbekambekairanga (Fiji) | Pontederiaceae | aquatic herb |
| Nelumbo nucifera | English: East Indian lotus, lotus, lotusroot, oriental lotus, sacred lotus; French: fève d'Egypte, lotus indien, lotus sacré; Spanish: loto sagrado, rosa del Nilo | Nelumbonaceae | aquatic herb |
| Nicandra physalodes | English: apple of Peru, shooflyplant; French: nicandra; Spanish: capulí cimarró | Solanaceae | herb |
| Oldenlandia corymbosa | Rubiaceae | herb | |
| Oldenlandia pumila | Rubiaceae | herb | |
| Opuntia dillenii | English: dildo, Eltham indian fig, sweet prickly-pear | Cactaceae | cactus |
| Opuntia stricta | English: erect prickly-pear, southern spineless cactus | Cactaceae | cactus |
| Orthosiphon aristatus | English: cat’s whiskers; Other: emadecharebub (Palau), kumi ni pusi (Fiji), ‘ava pusi (Samoa), kava ‘i pusi (Tonga) | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Ottelia ovalifolia | English: swamp lily (Australia) | Hydrocharitaceae | aquatic herb |
| Oxalis debilis | English: pink wood-sorrel, lilac oxalis; Other: ‘ihi pehu (Hawai‘i), ‘ii (Samoa) | Oxalidaceae | herb |
| English: Australian millet, umbrella grass | Poaceae | grass | |
| Parthenium hysterophorus | English: bitterweed, carrot grass, false ragweed, feverfew, parthenium weed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop, Santa Maria | Asteraceae | herb |
| Paspalum setaceum | Poaceae | grass | |
| Passiflora subpeltata | English: white passionflower; Spanish: granadina | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Persicaria glabra | Other: kāmole (Hawai‘i) | Polygonaceae | |
| Phaseolus lunatus | English: lima bean, butter bean, Burma bean, haricot bean, Madagascar bean, sieva bean, sugar bean; French: haricot de Lima, haricot du Cap, pois du Cap; Spanish: frijol de luna, haba lima, judía de Lima, pallar; Other: sem (Fiji), piini ‘ae puaka (Tonga) | Fabaceae | herb |
| Phyla nodiflora | English: fogfruit, lippia, phyla | Verbenaceae | herb |
| Phyllanthus tenellus | English: long-stalk phyllanthus, Mascarene Island leaf-flower | Euphorbiaceae | herb |
| Phytolacca octandra | Engish: pokeweed, Southern pokeberry, ink weed (Australia) | Phytolaccaceae | shrub |
| Piriqueta racemosa | Turneraceae | herb | |
| Plantago debilis | Plantaginaceae | herb | |
| Polygonum dichotomum | Polygonaceae | herb | |
| Polygonum minus | English: smartweed | Polygonaceae | herb |
| Rhynchosia minima | English: rhynchosia; Other: pine likku, pine Liku (Niue) | Fabaceae | herb |
| Rottboellia cochinchinensis | English: guinea-fowl grass, itchgrass, Kelly grass, kokoma grass, Raoul grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Rumex brownii | English: brown dock, hooked dock, slender dock, swamp dock | Polygonaceae | herb |
| Rumex crispus | English: curled dock, curly dock, sour dock, yellow dock | Polygonaceae | herb |
| Rumex pulcher | English: fiddle dock | Polygonaceae | herb |
| Salvia coccinea | English: red salvia, red sage, scarlet sage, Texas sage, tropical sage, wild salvia (Fiji); Other: titānia (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)); līlīlehua (Hawai‘i); momili (Niue); te'ekosi (Tonga) | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Scoparia dulcis | English: scoparia, sweet broom; Spanish: escobilla | Scrophulariaceae | herb |
| Senecio quadridentatus | English: cotton fireweed | Asteraceae | herb |
| Senna bicapsularis | English: Christmasbush, moneybush, rambling cassia | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Senna hirsuta | English: stinking cassia (Fiji) | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Senna multiglandulosa | Fabaceae | shrub | |
| Sesbania cannabina | English: canicha, dhaincha, dhunchi, sesbania pea; French: sesbane chanvré | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Setaria parviflora | English: knotroot bristle grass, knotroot foxtail, perennial foxtail, slender pigeon grass, yellow foxtail; Other: mau‘u Kaleponi (Hawai‘i) | Poaceae | grass |
| Sida cordifolia | English: flannelweed, heart-leaf sida | Malvaceae | shrub |
| Sida linifolia | Malvaceae | herb | |
| Sida spinosa | English: prickly sida, spiny sida | Malvaceae | herb |
| Sida urens | Malvaceae | shrub | |
| Sisymbrium erysimoides | English: smooth mustard | Brassicaceae | herb |
| Sisyrinchium micranthum | English: scourweed; Other: wa ma ndrala (Fiji) | Iridaceae | herb |
| Solanum americanum | English: American nightshade, black nightshade, glossy nightshade; French: morelle noire; Other: poroporo (Cook Islands); mboro, mboro laukana, mboro ni veiwere, mboro ni yaloka ni ngata, mburosousou ni vavalangi, malhome, thevuthevu (Fiji); oupoo (French Polynesia (Marquesas)); pōpolo, ‘olohua, polopolo (Hawai‘i); pōpolohua (Hawai‘i (Ni‘ihau)); magalo, polo (Samoa); polo kai (Tonga) | Solanaceae | herb |
| Solanum mammosum | English: nipple fruit; French: pomme zombi | Solanaceae | shrub |
| Soliva anthemifolia | English: dwarf jojo | Asteraceae | herb |
| Sonchus oleraceus | English: annual sow thistle, common sow thistle, hare's-lettuce, milk thistle, sow thistle; Spanish: cerraja; Other: pū‘ā (Cook Islands); pualele (Hawai‘i), pupe lele, puha, puna (Niue); longolongo'uha (Tonga) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Sorghum arundinaceum | English: common wild sorghum, kavirondo sorghum (Fiji) | Poaceae | grass |
| Sorghum bicolor | English: Sudan grass; French: sorgho du Soudan, sorgho menu; Other: tarapī (Cook Islands), kola (Tonga) | Poaceae | grass |
| Spermacoce ernstii | Rubiaceae | herb? | |
| Spermacoce ocymoides | English: purple-leaved button weed | Rubiaceae | herb |
| Sphenoclea zeylanica | Sphenocleaceae. | herb | |
| Sporobolus pyramidatus | Poaceae | grass | |
| Stachys arvensis | English: staggerweed | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Stapelia gigantea | English: carrion flower, starfish flower, zulu-giant, giant toad plant | Asclepiadaceae | succulent |
| Taraxacum officinale | English: common dandelion, dandelion, lion's-tooth; French: dent de lion, pissenlit vulgaire; Spanish: achicoria amarga, amargón, diente de león; Other: laulele, lauhele (Hawai‘i) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Tephrosia noctiflora | Fabaceae | herb | |
| Teucrium vesicarium | Lamiaceae | herb | |
| Themeda gigantea | English: ulla | Poaceae | grass |
| Themeda quadrivalvis | English: grader grass, habana grass, kangaroo grass; French: herbe kangourou | Poaceae | grass |
| English: Spanish moss, old man's beard, grandfather’s whiskers, air plant; French: cheveaux du roi, barbe grise, fille de l'air | Bromeliaceae | bromeliad | |
| Trichodesma zeylanicum | English: camel bush | Boraginaceae | herb |
| Urochloa humidicola | English: creeping signal grass, koronivia grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Verbena bonariensis | English: purpletop, South American vervain, tall verbena; Other: sekara, vunikuta (Fiji), momili vao (Niue) | Verbenaceae | herb |
| Verbena litoralis | Other: ōwī, oī (Hawai‘i); ha‘uōwī, ha‘uōwī (Hawai‘i-Ni‘ihau) | Verbenaceae | herb |
| Verbena rigida | English: veined verbena | Verbenaceae | herb |
| Vicia sativa ssp. nigra | English: black-pod vetch, common vetch, narrow-leaf vetch, spring vetch; Spanish: averijilla | Fabaceae | herb |
| Vigna radiata | English: green gram, golden gram, mung, mung bean | Fabaceae | herb |
| Xanthium strumarium | English: Australian burr (Cook Islands), California-bur, cocklebur, noogoora burr; Other: ovuka, nggatima ni vavalangi, qatima ni vavalagi (Fiji), kikania (Hawai‘i) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Youngia japonica | English: oriental hawksbeard; Other: mosita ni Viti (Fiji) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Ziziphus jujuba | English: Chinese jujube, Chinese date, Chinese plum, common jujube; French: jujubier commun; Spanish: azufaifo; Other: ber (Fiji) | Rhamnaceae | tree |
Sources: Swarbrick (1997), Waterhouse (1997) and Whistler (1988)
Table 2. Species seen or reported to be present in Samoa
|
Scientific Name |
Common Names |
Family |
Habit |
| Acalypha alopecuroides |
English: foxtail copperleaf |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Acalypha indica |
English: copperleaf, Indian-nettle, ricinela; Other: hierba del cancer (Guam-Chamorro) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Acalypha lanceolata |
Other: puapua (Cook Islands (Miti'aro)); ongo ongo (Niue); ogo ogo (Samoa); hongohongo (Tonga |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
|
English: chaff-flower, devil's horsewhip; prickly chaff-flower; Other: piripiri (Cook Islands); kōpū varu (Cook Islands (‘Atiu, Ma‘uke)); tumu ‘enua (Cook Islands (Mangaia)); sono ivi (Fiji); aerofai (French Polynesia (Tahiti));chichitun, lasogado, lasocata (Guam-Chamorro); talamoa fisi (Niue); louch beluu, louch el beluu (Palau); lautafifi (Samoa); tamatama (Samoa, Tonga) |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: billygoat-weed, chick week, goatweed, whiteweed; French: azier françois, baume, bouton; Spanish: chuva; Other: botebotekoro, mata mothemothe, mbotembotekoro, sogovanua, songovanua (Fiji); mumutung (Guam-Chamorro), maire vaihi (French Polynesia); maile hohono, maile honohono, maile kula (Hawai‘i); sekose sea (Niue); ngmak (Palau); a‘amia, tae‘oti (Samoa); te‘ehosi (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
| Alternanthera sessilis |
English: joyweed, sessile joyweed; Other: mata kura (Cook Islands (‘Atiu)); geluti (Fiji); okula beluulechad (Palau); fisi‘i‘anoa (Tonga) |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
| Alysicarpus vaginalis |
English: alyce-clover, buffalo-clover, one-leaf-clover; French: alysicarpus; Spanish: maní cimarrón |
Fabaceae |
herb |
|
English: amaranth, livid amaranth, slender amaranth; French: amarante livide; Spanish: bledo; Other: tupu'a (Tonga) |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
|
| Amaranthus interruptus |
English: amaranth |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
| Amaranthus spinosus |
English: edlebur, needle burr, spiny amaranth, thorny pigweed; French: épinard cochon, épinard malabre; Spanish: bledo espinoso, espinaca de Malabar; Other: kulites, kuletes (Guam—Chamorro); pakai kuku (Hawai‘i) |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
| Amaranthus viridis |
English: green amaranth, pigweed, slender amaranth; French: amarante verte; Spanish: bledo; Other: va‘ine ‘ara (Cook Islands); chauriya, chauraiya, choroiya, ndriti, ngasau ni vuaka, tumua (Fiji); kuletes apaka (Guam—Chamorro); pakai, ‘aheahea, pakaikai, pakapakai (Hawai‘i); te moota (Kiribati); ‘au tasi (Samoa); spinach (Solomon Islands); tupu‘a (Tonga) |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
|
English: soursop, prickly custard apple; French: corossolier, cacheimantier épineux, cachiman épineux, corossol épineux; Other: syasyap (Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands); kātara‘apa (Cook Islands); kātara‘apa papa‘ā (Cook Islands (Mangaia)); naponapo taratara (Cook Islands (Aitutaki)); saasaf, sasaf (Chuuk); tapotapo papaa (French Polynesia); laguana, laguaná, laguanaha, laguanaba, labuanaha (Guam); sosap (Kosrae); jojaab (Marshall Islands); talapo fotofoto (Niue); sausab (Palau); sei, sae, truka shai (Pohnpei); sasalapa (Samoa); ‘apele ‘initia (Tonga); sausau (Yap) |
Annonaceae |
tree |
|
|
English: bastard ipecac, blood flower, bloodflower milkweed, butterfly weed, false ipecac, milkweed; French: herbe a gendarme, ipéca sauvage; Spanish: algodoncillo, corcalito, flor de sangre, yuquillo; Other: tirika, tiare moko (Cook Islands); false ipiciachuana, wathiwathi, vu ni lolia, madhar (Fiji); asuncion (Guam-Chamorro); laulele, lauhele, nu‘umela, pua ‘anuhe (Hawai‘i); pepetoa, vaomumu, vao fualele (Samoa); lou pepe, tu‘ulapepe (Tonga) |
Asclepiadaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: blanket grass, carpetgrass; Other: kambutu ni vavalangi (Fiji) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: caratao grass, narrow-leaved carpetgrass |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: bedding begonia, perpetual begonia, wax begonia; French: bégonia semperflorens; Spanish: perpetua |
Begoniaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: beggar’s tick, Spanish needle, cobbler's pegs; French: piquants noirs, bident hérissé, herbe d'aiguille, herbe villebague (Mauritius); Other: piripiri kerekere (Cook Islands); piripiri (Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti)); nīroa (Cook Islands (Aitutaki)); kamika tuarongo (Cook Islands (Mangaia)); tae puaka (Futuna); batimadramadra, mbatimandramandra, mbatikalawau, matakaro, matua kamate (Fiji); ki, ki nehe, ki pipili, nehe (Hawai'i); kofe tonga, kofetoga (Niue); fisi'uli (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: snowbush, snowbush breynia, sweetpea bush, foliage-flower; Other: maemae (Cook Islands (Miti‘aro)) |
Euphorbiaceae |
shrub |
|
|
English: perfume tree; French: canang odorant; Other: moso‘oi (American Samoa and Samoa); pwanang, pwuur, pwalang (Chuuk); ylang-ylang, lengileng; (CNMI); moto‘oi, mata‘oi, mato‘oi (Cook Islands, Niue, Tahiti); makasoi, makosoi, makusui, mokohoi, mokosoi (Fiji); moto‘i (French Polynesia); ilang-ilang, alang-ilang (Guam, CNMI, Philippines); lanalana (Hawai‘i); ilanlang, ilahnglahng (Kosrae); ilanilan, ilañlañ (Marshall Islands); motoi (Niue); chiráng, irang (Palau); pur-n-wai, pwurenwai, sair-n-wai, seirin wai, seir en wai (Pohnpei); mohoki, mohokoi (Tonga) |
Annonaceae |
tree |
|
|
English: Asiatic pennywort, Indian pennywort, marsh pennywort, pennyweed, sheep-rot, thankuni; French: écuelle d'eau, fausse violette; Spanish: hierba de clavo, sombrerito; Other: kapukapu (Cook Islands); totondro, totono, tatandra (Fiji); pohe kula (Hawai‘i); tonu (Niue); tono (Niue, Tonga); elisichur, elsichur (Palau); togo (Samoa) |
Apiaceae |
herb |
|
| Chamaesyce hirta |
English: asthma plant, garden spurge, pill-bearing spurge, hairy spurge, sneeze weed (Solomon Islands); French: herbe a dysenterie, herbe a verrues; Other: totototo titā (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)); ndeniose, ndeniosi, samunggawe, ovuka, ovoku (Fiji); eaea, raau topau (French Polynesia); golondrina (Guam-Chamorro); koko kahiki (Hawai‘i); toto tane (Niue); udall (Palau); la‘au fai moti (Samoa); sakisi (Tonga) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Chamaesyce hypericifolia |
English: beach spurge, graceful spurge; Other: ufi tamaiti? (Samoa) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Chamaesyce prostrata |
English: creeping splurge, prostrate spurge, red caustic creeper; Other: bodulagas-chaca (Chamorro-Guam); te tarai (Kiribati); toto fifine, toto fefine? (Niue); laulili'i (Samoa); papati (French Polynesia (Society Islands)) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
|
English: red caustic creeper, thyme-leafed spurge |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
|
| Cleome viscosa |
English: tickweed, spider flower; Other: monggos-paluma, mongos-paloma (Chamorro-Guam) |
Capparaceae |
herb |
| Coix lacryma-jobi |
English: adlay, adlay millet, Job's-tears; French: larmes de Job; Spanish: lágrimas de Job, lágrimas de San Pedro; Other: poepoe (Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti)), sila (Fiji); pū‘ohe‘ohe, kūkaekōlea, ‘ohe‘ohe, pūpū kōlea (Hawai‘i); tangatanga (Niue); demairuuch, tauiir (Palau); sanasana, sagasaga (Samoa); hana (Tonga) |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Commelina benghalensis |
English: Benghal dayflower, dayflower, hairy wandering Jew, wandering Jew; Other: hairy honohono (Hawai‘i); mau'u Tonga (Samoa); kanini, kaningi, musie matala pulu (Tonga) |
Commelinaceae |
herb |
|
English: flax-leaf fleabane, hairy fleabane, hairy horseweed, wavy-leaf fleabane; Other: lani wela (Hawai‘i) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: broadleaf fleabane, tall fleabane; Other: wavuwavu, tho ni vavalangi, tho ni papalangi, tumbua, thovuka, matakaro (Fiji); pakaka (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: thickhead, fireweed, redflower ragleaf; Other: fua lele, pualele (American Samoa and Samoa); maraburubo (Solomon Islands); fisi puna (Tonga); se vuka (Fiji) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
| Crotalaria incana |
English: fuzzy rattlepod, woolly rattlepod; Other: kūkaehoki, kolomona (Hawai‘i); kuroteraria (Palau) |
Fabaceae |
shrub |
|
English: salts rattlebox, smooth crotalaria, smooth rattlebox, smooth rattlepod, streaked rattlepod, striped crotalaria; French: crotalaire mucronée; Other: maniva (Cook Islands (‘Atiu)); nggiringgiri, kaumothe, toela, pini (Fiji); pikakani, kolomona (Hawai‘i); pine kotalelia (Niue); pi'isi (Tonga) |
Fabaceae |
shrub |
|
|
English: devil-bean, wedge-leaf crotalaria, wedge-leaf rattlepod; Spanish: cascabel fétido; Other: piini? (Tonga) |
Fabaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: blue-flower rattlepod, tooth-leaf rattlepod |
Fabaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: Columbian cuphea, Colombian waxweed, tarweed; Other: lasahia, kerisi (Fiji); laau fau moti (Samoa) |
Lythraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: cyathula; Other: mata kura (Cook Islands (Miti'aro?); tolomo'unga (Tonga) |
Amaranthaceae |
herb |
|
| Cyperus compressus |
English: flat sedge; Other: pakopako (Tonga) |
Cyperaceae |
sedge |
| Cyperus cyperinus |
English: long-headed sedge; Other: mue mue, mou upo tutu (French Polynesia) |
Cyperaceae |
sedge |
| Cyperus cyperoides |
Other: pako (Niue); tuise (Samoa); pako pako (Tonga) |
Cyperaceae |
sedge |
| Cyperus pilosus |
Cyperaceae |
sedge |
|
| Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum |
English: long-leaf cyrtococcum grass; Other: thovatu, osalasala (Fiji) |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Cyrtococcum patens |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
| Cyrtococcum trigonum |
English: short-leaf cyrtococcum grass |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
English: beach wiregrass, button grass, coast button grass, comb fringe grass, crowfoot grass, duck grass, finger comb grass |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: flame tree, flamboyant, poinciana; French: pacayer; Spanish: flamboyan; Other: pātai (Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Penrhyn, Manihiki, Rakahanga)); raākau taāmarumaru, taāmarumaru, (Cook Islands (Atiu)); pukakai (Cook Islands (Aitutaki)); puū piī (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)); marumaru (Cook Islands (Miti‘aro)); fayarbaw, nfayarbaw (CNMI–Carolinian); sekoula (Fiji); pakai, puke (Tahiti, French Polynesia); arbol del fuego, atbot, atbot det fuegu, atbut (Guam and CNMI–Chamorro); ‘ohai ‘ula (Hawai‘i); te tua (Kiribati); pine (Niue); nangiosákura, nangiosikura, nangyo (Palau); pilampwoia weitahta (Pohnpei); tamaligi (Samoa); ‘ohai (Tonga); fua tausaga (Tuvalu); sakuranirow (Yap) |
Fabaceae |
tree |
|
| Desmodium heterophyllum |
English: hetero, Spanish clover; Other: senivakathengu, wakutu (Fiji) |
Fabaceae |
herb |
| Desmodium incanum |
English: kaimi clover, Spanish clover; Other: ngātoro (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)); ka‘imi (Hawai‘i) |
Fabaceae |
shrub |
| Desmodium scorpiurus |
Fabaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: creeping tick trefoil, three-flower beggarweed, tropical trefoil; Spanish: hierba cuartillo; Other: olmud (Palau); konikoni, vakathengu (Fiji); kihikihi (Tonga) |
Fabaceae |
herb |
|
| Desmodium uncinatum |
English: silverleaf desmodium, Spanish clover, Spanish tick-clover; Spanish: desmodio plateado, pega pega |
Fabaceae |
herb |
| Dichanthium annulatum |
English: Angleton grass, bluestem, Diaz bluestem, Hindi grass, Kleberg bluestem, marvel grass, sheda grass, vunda blue grass (Fiji) |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Digitaria bicornis |
English: southern crabgrass |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Digitaria fuscescens |
English Y grass; Other: creeping kūkaepua‘a (Hawai‘i) |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Digitaria horizontalis |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: aerial yam, air-potato, bitter yam, cheeky yam, potato yam; French: igname bulbifère, pousse en l'air; Spanish: ñame de gunda, papa voladora; Other: kaile, kaile ndranu, kaile nganga, kaile manu, sarau (Fiji); magnaheugo (Chamorro-Guam); hoi (Hawai‘i, Niue, Tonga); pi‘oi (Hawai‘i (Kaua‘i)), belloi (Palau); soi (Samoa, Wallis and Futuna); kwai kwasi (Solomon Islands) |
Dioscoreaceae |
vine |
|
|
English: duranta, golden dewdrop, pigeon-berry, sky-flower; Other: ‘olive (Tonga) |
Verbenaceae |
shrub |
|
| Echinochloa colona |
English: awnless barnyard grass (Australia), corn panic grass, Deccan grass, jungle ricegrass, jungle rice, millet-rice, pigeon millet (Samoa), shama millet; French: blé du Dekkan; Spanish: pasto del arroz; Other: chaguan-agaga (Chamorro – Guam); uaum (Palau); sefa (Samoa); muhuku'apopoa, matala'ulie (Tonga); riz de jungle (Vanuatu) |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Echinochloa stagnina |
English: barnyard grass, burgu grass, hippo grass, long-awn water grass; Other: bangara gaddi (Fiji) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
English: eclipta, false daisy, swamp daisy, white eclipta; French: éclipte blanche; Spanish: hierba de tajo, yerba de tajo; Other: miri mapua (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)); tamudu, tamudi, tamandu, tumandu, tumundi, tholulu, colulu (Fiji); deberebelela tengadidik (Palau) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: Chinese water-chestnut, ground-chestnut, waternut; French: châtaigne d'eau; Spanish: cabezas de negrito, nuez china; Other: kuta, sasa, taria (Fiji); uchaga-lane (Guam-Chamorro); kerdikes (Palau); utu utu (Samoa); ngwaro (Solomon Islands) |
Cyperaceae |
sedge |
|
|
Other: pakaka (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: Cupid's shaving-brush, emilia, Flora's paint brush, purple sow thistle, sow thistle; French: émilie; Other: pupu lele (Niue); pualele (Niue, Samoa); fua lele, fua lele lili‘i (Samoa); longlongo‘uha (Tonga)) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: Bug's egg grass, Japanese love grass, love grass (Fiji, Guam), female grass (Kiribati); Other: te uteute naine (Kiribati), ouemoket (Palau) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: hairy love grass, Indian love grass, soft lovegrass; French: pâturin poilu; Spanish: barba de indio |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
| Erechtites valerianifolia |
English: Brazilian fireweed, fireweed, fireweed daisy, Ceylon thistle; Other: co vuka, thovuka (Fiji); fua lele, pua lele (Samoa); fisi puna (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
| Eriochloa procera |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: dwarf poinsettia, fire-on-the-mountain, Mexican fire plant, painted spurge, wild poinsettia; Other: te kabekan (Kiribati); deriba (Nauru) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
|
| Fimbristylis littoralis |
English: grass-like fimbristylis, lesser fimbristylis; Spanish: barba de fraile; Other: kerngimes, kederang (Palau) |
Cyperaceae |
sedge |
| Fleurya interrupta |
Other: salato, salato ni koro, salato vutivali (Fiji); hongohongo (Niue, Tonga); ongo ongo (Niue, Samoa); ogoogo (Samoa); akoako fuluma (Solomon Islands); nanggalat (Vanuatu); mangeo (Wallis and Futuna) |
Urticaceae |
herb |
|
Fabaceae |
herb |
||
|
Acanthaceae |
herb |
||
|
English: garden impatiens, balsam, busy lizzy, bizzy-lizzie, patient lucy; sultan’s flower, Japanese balsam (Fiji) |
Balsaminaceae |
succulent |
|
|
English: plume grass; Other: ngi (Fiji) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: moonflower; Other: alaihai-tasi (Guam-Chamorro); koali pehu (Hawai‘i), fue sina, fue to (Samoa) |
Convolvulaceae |
vine |
|
|
English: batiki blue grass (Fiji), mbatiki blue grass (Fiji), mbalanga grass (Fiji) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
| Justicia betonica |
English: white shrimp plant, squirrel's tail |
Acanthaceae |
herb |
| Justicia procumbens |
Acanthaceae |
herb |
|
| Lobelia zeylanica |
English: white root; Other: vononiwai (Fiji) |
Campanulaceae |
herb |
| Ludwigia hyssopifolia |
Other: nai quisa (Fiji), charguan asusuyan, titimo (Guam-Chamorro) |
Onagraceae |
herb |
| Ludwigia octovalvis |
English: willow primrose, false primrose, yellow willow herb; French: faux primerose; Other: tiēmu (Cook Islands); pītōrea (Cook Islands (Ngaputoru and Mangaia), French Polynesia (leeward Society Islands); kāmole, alohalua, kāmole lau li‘i, kāmole lau nui (Hawai‘i); te mam (Kiribati); erur (Palau); laavai, mautofu vao, fua samasama (Samoa) |
Onagraceae |
herb |
| Luffa aegyptiaca |
English: dishrag gourd, loofah, rag gourd, smooth loofah, sponge gourd, vegetable sponge; French: courge torchon, pétole; Spanish: estropajo, paste; Other: pō‘ue (Cook Islands); mafai (Tonga) |
Cucurbitaceae |
vine |
| Lycopersicon esculentum |
English: tomato, wild tomato; French: tomate sauvage (New Caledonia); Spanish: tomate, tomatera; Other: tōmāti (Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti)); tomate (Guam—Chamorro) |
Solanaceae |
herb |
|
English: false mallow, prickly malvastrum; Other: purūmu (Cook Islands); te‘ehosi, te‘ehoosi (Tonga) |
Malvaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: balsam-apple, bitter-melon, bitter gourd, balsam pear, squirting cucumber, cerasee, peria; French: momordique, margose (Réunion, Mauritius Islands), margose amère, momordique amère, concombre amer, concombre africain; Spanish: achoccha silvestre; Other: pōkutekute rengarenga (Cook Islands (‘Atiu)); kerala (Fiji); almagosa, atmagosu (Guam); atmagoso (Guam, CNMI); markoso, markosong (Palau); meleni 'ae kuma, vaine 'initia (Tonga) |
Cucurbitaceae |
vine |
|
|
English: horseradish tree, drumstick tree, ben nut, morango; French: ben ailée, moringa ailée, pois quénique; Other: malungkai, marronggai, marungai, marunggai, malungay, katdes (Guam); sajina (Fiji); malungkai (Palau) |
Moringaceae |
tree |
|
|
English: basket grass, woods grass; Other: honohono kukui, honohono, honohono maoli (Hawai‘i) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: drooping tree pear, prickly pear; Other: lauaufai va (Samoa) |
Cactaceae |
cactus |
|
|
Other: a'aa'a'ii, vine (Samoa) |
Oxalidaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: paspalum, dallis grass, water grass; French: paspalum dilaté, herbe sirop, herbe de miel, herbe de dallis, millet bâtard; Other: hiku nua (Niue) |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: bajra, bulrush millet, burr bristle grass, cat’s tail grass, cattail millet, mongoose tail grass (Fiji), pearl millet, yellow bristle grass, yellow foxtail; French: millet à chandelles, millet perle; Spanish: mijo negro |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
| Peperomia pellucida |
Other: potpopot, podpod-lahi (Guam-Chamorro); rtertiil (Palau) |
Piperaceae |
herb |
|
English: avocado, alligator pear; French: l’avocat; Spanish: aguacate; Other: ‘āpuka, ‘āpoka (Cook Islands); pea (Fiji); avoka (Niue, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga); ‘āvōta (Cook Islands (Ngaputoru)); bata (Palau); alageta (Chamorro, Guam) |
Lauraceae |
tree |
|
| Phyllanthus amarus |
Other: moemoe (Cook Islands); moemoe uouo (French Polynesia); maigo-lalo (Guam-Chamorro); te kaimatu (Kiribati); ukalla ruchel (Palau) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Phyllanthus debilis |
Other: maigo-lalo? (Guam—Chamorro) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Phyllanthus urinaria |
Other: kai moku, se mbulumbulu, tho mokumoku (Fiji) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
| Phyllanthus virgatus |
English: seed-under-leaf (Samoa); Other: moemoe 'enua? (Cook Islands); tei ni niu (Fiji); 'avasa (Samoa) |
Euphorbiaceae |
herb |
|
English: annual ground cherry, bladder cherry (Solomon Islands), wild cape gooseberry (Fiji); Other: tūpera tāmaru-ariki (Cook Islands (Mangaia)); kospeli, mbotembote yandra, mburasu, mborosousou, mborosousou ni vavalangi, mokoai, thevuthevu (Fiji); tamanufairi, tamaru ha‘ari (French Polynesia); tomate chaca (Guam-Chamorro); te baraki (Kiribati); watomo (Nauru); manini (Niue); bubeubedul (Palau); vivao (Samoa); polopa (Tonga) |
Solanaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: Cape gooseberry, goldenberry, gooseberry-tomato, Peruvian ground-cherry, Peruvian-cherry; French: capuli, coqueret du Peru, groseiller du cap; Spanish: alquequenje, capulí, uvilla (Ecuador); Other: tūpera (Cook Islands); botebote yadra, mbotembote yandra, kospeli, maulaqua, maulanggua, tukiyadra, tukiyandra (Fiji); tupere (French Polynesia), pohā, pa‘ina (Hawai‘i); manini (Niue); ku‘usi (Tonga) |
Solanaceae |
shrub |
|
|
English: artillery plant, gunpowder plant, pistol plant, rockweed, Samoan fern (Samoa); Other: kiona topa (Cook Islands (Ma‘uke)), pikimaka (Niue), tamole (Samoa) |
Urticaceae |
herb |
|
| Plantago lanceolata |
English: buckhorn, buckhorn plantain, English plantain, narrow-leaved plantain, plantain (Vanuatu), ribgrass, ribwort plantain; French: petit plantain; Spanish: llantén menor; Other: filo, filohako (Tonga) |
Plantaginaceae |
herb |
| Plantago major |
English: broadleaf plantain, common plantain, greater plantain; French: grand plantain, plantain majeur; Spanish: llantén, llantén común, llantén major; Other: laukahi, kūhēkili (Hawai‘i); filo, filomatolu (Tonga) |
Plantaginaceae |
herb |
| Polygala paniculata |
English: island snake-root; Other: ai roi ni turaga, teketekeniulumatua, tekiteki ni ulumatua, senikuila, mindi, tamoli (Fiji); keskus ra mekesong (Palau); namupululola, pulunamulole (Samoa) |
Polygalaceae |
herb |
|
English: pigweed, purslane; French: pourpier; Spanish: verdolaga; Other: pōkea papa‘ā (Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tuamotus)); katuri (Cook Islands (Penrhyn)); ongoongo (Cook Islands (Pukapuka)); taukuku ni vuaka, taukuka ni vuaka, amlonia (Fiji); aturi (French Polynesia (Tahiti); botdolagas, bodulagas, donkulu (Guam-Chamorro); ‘ākulikuli kula, ‘ākulikuli lau li‘i, ‘ihi (Hawai‘i); te boi (Kirbati); kamole (Niue); pokea (Niue, French Polynesia (Marquesas, Tuamotu)); tamole (Samoa, Tonga) |
Portulacaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: false elephant foot, tobacco weed (Vanuatu), Yasawa tobacco weed (Fiji); French: faux tabac des Samoa; Spanish: hierba de caballo (Columbia); Other: vao elefane, vao maligi, vao malini (Samoa) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: kudzu, Japanese arrowroot; Other: aka (American Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Wallis and Futuna); a‘a (American Samoa and Samoa); yaka , wa yaka, nggariaka (Fiji); akataha, fue‘aepuaka (Tonga); deday (Yap); acha, nepalem |
Fabaceae |
vine |
|
|
English: large bell-flower (Samoa); Other: vaouliuli lautele (Samoa) |
Acanthaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: blue sage, West Indian sage; Other: mauku 'aunga-kino (Cook Islands (Ma'uke)); pupu elo, sealu (Niue); te'ekosi totolo (Tonga) |
Lamiaceae |
herb |
|
| Senna occidentalis |
English: antbush, coffee senna; French: bentamaré, café bâtard, casse-puante, dartrier; Spanish: bricho, brusca, frijolillo, guanina; Other: kau mothe, pini (Fiji); amot-tumaga karabao, mumutun-sable (Guam-Chamorro); ‘auko‘i, ‘au‘auko‘i, mikipalaoa, pī hohono (Hawai‘i); te atia (Kiribati); tan brava (Nauru); korriu (Palau); te‘epulu (Tonga) |
Fabaceae |
shrub |
| Senna sophera |
Other: matui (Tonga) |
Fabaceae |
herb |
| Setaria barbata |
English: bristly foxtail grass |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Setaria italica |
English: foxtail millet, German millet, Hungarian millet, Italian millet; French: millet d'Italie, millet des oiseaux, petit mil, sétaire-d'Italie; Spanish: mijo de Italia, mijo menor, moha, panizo |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
English: broom weed, Paddy’s lucerne, southern sida, spiny-head sida, spiny sida; French: herbe à balais, herbe à paniers; Spanish: escoba blanca, escobilla; Other: purūmu (Cook Islands); deni vuaka, ndeni vuaka, ndeniosa (Fiji); escobilla papago, escobilla adumelon (Guam-Chamorro); mautofu (Niue, Samoa); keak (Palau); motofu, te‘ehoosi (Tonga) |
Malvaceae |
herb |
|
|
Other: mautofu (Samoa) |
Malvaceae |
shrub |
|
| Sidastrum paniculatum |
Malvaceae |
shrub |
|
| Sida rhombifolia |
English: arrow-leaf sida, Cuban jute, Paddy's lucerne, Queensland-hemp, teaweed; French: faux thé, herbe à balais; Spanish: escoba; Other: purūmu (Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti)), thavuthindra, nggavi ni lawa, nggavi ni lathoi, ndenime, ndeniosa, ndeni vuaka, ndeni puaka, mbariara (Fiji); escobilla dalili, escobilla apaka, escobilla adumelon (Guam-Chamorro); motofu (Niue); keak (Palau); mautofu (Samoa, Niue?); mamafu‘ai (Solomon Islands); te‘ehosi, te‘ehoosi (Tonga) |
Malvaceae |
shrub |
|
English: Indian weed, small yellow crown-beard, yellow crown-head; Other: kamika (Cook Islands (Mangaia)), senikata (Fiji) ‘a‘ami‘a (Samoa), kakamika (Tonga, Wallis and Futuna) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
| Solanum nigrum |
English: black-berry night shade (Australia), black nightshade, poisonberry; French: morelle noire; Spanish: hierba mora; Other: boro ni veiwere, malahome, boro ni yaloki ni gata (Fiji); polokai (Niue, Tonga); magalo, polo (Samoa) |
Solanaceae |
herb |
|
English: coleus; Other: terevete (Cook Islands); lata, lau lata (Fiji); weleweka (Hawai‘i); selevese (Niue); koramahd, koaramahd (Pohnpei); pate, patiale, la‘au fai sei (Samoa) |
Lamiaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: corn sow thistle, field sow thistle, perennial sow thistle |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
English: buttonweed; Other: okulabeluu (Palau) |
Rubiaceae |
herb |
|
| Spermacoce latifolia |
Rubiaceae |
herb |
|
| Spermacoce mauritiana |
Rubiaceae |
herb |
|
|
English: bastard vervain, blue porterweed, Brazilian tea, Jamaica vervain, joee, light blue snakeweed; Other: ōwī, oī (Hawaii), te uti (Kiribati), louch beluu (Palau) |
Verbenaceae |
herb |
|
| Stenotaphrum secundatum |
English: buffalo grass, St. Augustine grass; French: chiendent de boeuf; Spanish: pasto San Augustín; Other: ‘aki‘aki haole, mānienie ‘aki‘aki, mānienie ‘aki‘aki haole, mānienie māhikihiki (Hawai‘i) |
Poaceae |
grass |
| Stictocardia tiliifolia |
English: stictocardia, crimson morning-glory; Other: abubo (Guam-Chamorro); pilikai (Hawai‘i); tagamimi, palulu (Samoa) |
Convolvulaceae |
vine |
| Struchium sparganophorum |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
| Synedrella nodiflora |
English: Cinderella weed (Australia), porter bush, pig grass (Solomon Islands, Vanuatu), synedrella; Spanish: cerbatana; Other: ngaroiarui (Cook Islands (‘Atiu)); saigon (Guam—Chamorro); lau‘oti‘oti, tae‘oti (Samoa); pakaka, pakopako (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
English: coat buttons, tridax daisy, wild daisy (Fiji, Guam); Other: tubua leka, voti (Fiji) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
| Uraria lagopodioides |
Other: lakanikasa, lakanirase, setamoli (Fiji); uluhenga? (Niue); iku‘ipusi (Tonga) |
Fabaceae |
herb |
| Urochloa glumaris |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: creeping panic grass, running grass; Spanish: San Juan de Castillo |
Poaceae |
grass |
|
|
English: ironweed, little ironweed, vernonia; Other: vutikaumondro, tho vuka (Fiji); chaguan Santa Maria (Guam--Chamorro); etngeong (Palau); fisi puna (Tonga) |
Asteraceae |
herb |
|
|
Other: ‘uhaloa, ‘ala‘ala pū loa, hal ‘uhaloa, hi‘aloa, kanakaloa (Hawai‘i) |
Sterculiaceae |
shrub |
|
|
English: daggerplant, Spanish-bayonet; French: bayonnette; Spanish: yuca |
Agavaceae |
shrub |
Sources: Swarbrick (1997), Waterhouse (1997) and Whistler (1988)
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This page new 26 November 2002, Table 2 updated 5 May 2003.