Other risk assessments

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

Risk Assessments for some species not listed on PIER

Information on Risk Assessments

The following are generally species that have a WRA recommendation of "low risk" or are native or an early introduction in the Pacific region (excluding Hawai‘i).

Scientific name	Family	Common name	Risk Assessment	Country or area	WRA score	WRA recommendation
Abelia x grandiflora	Linnaeaceae	glossy abelia	Assessment	Pacific	-13	low risk
*Acacia stenophylla*	Fabaceae	river cooba	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk*
*Acalypha hispida*	Euphorbiaceae	chenille plant	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Acalypha wilkesiana*	Euphorbiaceae	beefsteak plant	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Acalypha godseffiana	Euphorbiaceae	acalypha	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
*Acmella grandiflora*	Asteraceae	Acmella	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Adansonia digitata*	Bombacaceae	baobab tree	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Adenium obesum	Apocynaceae	desert rose	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
Aechmea blanchetiana	Bromeliaceae	orange blanchetiana	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Aechmea fasciata	Bromeliaceae	urn plant	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Afrocarpus falcatus*	Podpcar[aceae	bastard yellow wood	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Agapanthus africanus*	Liliaceae	lily of the Nile	Assessment	Pacific	2.5	low risk*
*Agathis robusta*	Araucariaceae	Queensland kauri	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Aglaia odorata	Meliaceae	Chinese perfume plant	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Aglaonema nitidum*	Araceae	Aglaonema	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Albizia guachepele*	Fabaceae	chime tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Allium sativum*	Liliaceae	garlic	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Allocasuarina verticillata*	Casuarinaceae	drooping she oak	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Alluaudia procera*	Didiereaceae	Madagascar ocotillo	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Alocasia sanderiana	Araceae	Kris plant	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Alnus nepalensis	Betulaceae	Nepalese alder	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Alphitonia zizyphoides	Rhamnaceae	toi	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Andira inermis*	Fabaceae	cabbage tree	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Anthurium hookeri	Araceae	birds nest anthurium	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Aphelandra aurantiaca*	Acanthaceae	fiery spike	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Arachis glabrata*	Fabaceae	perennial peanut	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Arachis pintoi*	Fabaceae	perennial peanut	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Araucaria columnaris*	Araucariaceae	Cooks pine	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Araucaria heterophylla*	Araucariaceae	Norfolk Island pine	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Areca catechu*	Palmae	betel nut palm	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Artocarpus altilis*	Moraceae	breadfruit	Assessment	Pacific	-12	low risk
*Artocarpus heterophyllus*	Moraceae	jackfruit	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Artocarpus odoratissimus*	Moraceae	marang	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Aspidistra elatior*	Liliaceae	cast iron plant	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Averrhoa carambola*	Oxalidaceae	starfruit	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Balaka longirostris	Arecacear	Mbalaka	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Bambusa chungii*	Poaceae	emperor's blue bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Bambusa glaucophylla*	Poaceae	Malay dwarf bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Bambusa lako*	Poaceae	Timor black bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Bambusa textilis*	Poaceae	weaver's bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Barringtonia asiatica*	Lecythidaceae	sea putat	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
*Bauhinia binata*	Fabaceae		Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Bauhinia x blakeana	Fabaceae	Hong Kong orchid tree	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
*Bauhinia hookeri*	Fabaceae	white Bauhinia	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Bauhinia tomentosa*	Fabaceae	yellow tree bauhinia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Beaumontia grandiflora	Apocynaceae	Easter-lily-vine	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Beaumontia multiflora	Apocynaceae	herald's trumpet	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Beccariophoenix madagascariensis*	Arecaceae	window palm	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Bismarckia nobilis	Arecaceae	Bismarck palm	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Bolusanthus speciosus	Fabaceae	wisteria tree	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Bougainvillea glabra*	Nyctaginaceae	paperflower	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Brachychiton acerifolius	Sterculiaceae	Illawarra flame tree	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Brahea armata	Arecaceae	blue hesper palm	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Brexia madagascariensis	Grossulariaceae	brexia	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Broussonetia papyrifera*	Moraceae	paper mulberry	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk**
Buchloe dactyloides	Poaceae	Amer buffalo grass	Assessment	Pacific	4.5	low risk*
Bucida buceras	Combretaceae	black olive	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Bucida molinetii*	Combretaceae	spiny black olive	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Bunchosia argentea*	Malpighiaceae	peanut butter fruit	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Caesalpinia bonduc*	Fabaceae	nickerbean	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk**
*Caesalpinia ferrea*	Fabaceae	Brazilian ironwood	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Caesalpinia major*	Fabaceae	yellow nicker	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk**
Callistemon citrinus	Myrtaceae	crimson bottlebrush	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Callistemon viminalis	Myrtaceae	weeping bottlebrush	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Callistemon rigidus	Myrtaceae	stiff bottlebrush	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Calophyllum inophyllum	Clusiaceae	kamani	Assessment	Pacific	6	evaluate**
*Camellia sinensis*	Theaceae	tea	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Carissa grandiflora*	Apocynaceae	Natal plum	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Carpentaria acuminata*	Arecaceae	Carpentaria palm	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Cassia bakeriana	Fabaceae	pink shower tree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Cassia fistula*	Fabaceae	golden shower tree	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Cassia grandis*	Fabaceae	pink shower tree	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Cassia javanica*	Fabaceae	pink shower tree	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Cassia x nealiae*	Fabaceae	rainbow shower tree	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
Catalpa longissima	Bignoniaceae	Jamaica oak	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Ceratonia siliqua*	Fabaceae	carob tree	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Cerbera manghas	Apocynaceae	pink-eyed cerbera	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Chamaesyce albomarginata*	Euphorbiaceae	rattle snake weed	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Chamelaucium uncinatum*	Asteraceae	Geraldton wax	Assessment	Pacific	-2.5	low risk
*Chorisia speciosa*	Bombacaceae	floss-silk tree	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
*Cinnamomum aromaticum*	Lauraceae	chinese cinnamon	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Citrus × Citrofortunella mitis*	Rutaceae	calamondin	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Citrus maxima	Rutaceae	pummelo	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Citrus x paradisi	Rutaceae	grapefruit	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
Citrus reticulata	Rutaceae	Mandarin orange	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Citrus sinensis*	Rutaceae	sweet orange	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Cleistocactus baumannii*	Cactaceae	firecracker cactus	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Coccoloba uvifera*	Polygonaceae	sea grape	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Cochlospermum vitifolium*	Bixaceae	buttercup tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Cocos nucifera*	Arecaceae	coconut palm	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Codiaeum variegatum*	Euphorbiaceae	croton	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Colpothrinax wrightii*	Arecaceae	barrel palm	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Colvillea racemosa	Fabaceae	Colville's glory	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
Copernicia prunifera	Arecaceae	carnauba wax palm	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Coprosma repens*	Rubiaceae	creeping mirrorplant	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Cordia lutea	Boraginaceae	yellow geiger	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Cordia subcordata*	Boraginaceae	kou	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Corymbia ficifolia	Myrtaceae	red-flowering gum	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Crassula ovata	Crassulaceae	jade plant	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Crotalaria juncea*	Fabaceae	Indian hemp	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Cryptomeria japonica*	Taxodiaceae	Japanese cedar	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Curcuma longa*	Zingiberaceae	tumeric	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
Cussonia paniculata	Araliaceae	mountain cabbage tree	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Cussonia spicata	Araliaceae	cabbage tree	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Cyamopsis tetragonoloba*	Fabaceae	cluster bean	Assessment	Pacific	-11	low risk
Cycas revoluta	Cycadaceae	king sago	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Cymbopogon citratus	Poaceae	lemongrass	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Dalbergia retusa	Fabaceae	Nicaragua rosewood	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Dasylirion acrotrichum	Nolinaceae	green desert spoon	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Dasylirion quadrangulatum	Nolinaceae	Mexican grass tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Davallia fejeensis*	Davalliaceae	lacy hare's-foot fern	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
*Desmodium umbellatum*	Fabaceae	horse bush	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
Dianella revoluta	Hemerocallidaceae	spreading flax lily	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
Dianella tasmanica	Hemerocallidaceae	Tasman flax lily	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Dichorisandra thyrsiflora	Commelinaceae	blue ginger	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Dictyosperma album*	Arecaceae	hurricane palm	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Diphysa americana	Fabaceae	guachipelin	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Dolichandrone spathacea*	Bignoniaceae	mangrove trumpet-tree	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Dolichos lablab*	lablab bean	fabaceae	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Dracaena draco*	Agavaceae	dragon tree	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Dracaena marginata*	Agavaceae	money tree	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Dypsis decaryi*	Arecaceae	triangle palm	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Elaeodendron orientale	Celastraceae	false olive	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Episcia dianthiflora*	Gesneriaceae	lace flower vine	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Eranthemum pulchellum	Acanthaceae	blue sage	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Erythrina abyssinica*	Fabaceae	erythrina	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
*Erythrina crista-galli*	Fabaceae	cockspur coral tree	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
*Erythrina variegata*	Fabaceae	coral tree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Eucalyptus caesia	Myrtaceae	silver princess	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Eucalyptus cinerea	Myrtaceae	silver dollar gum	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
Eucalyptus cloeziana	Myrtaceae	Queensland messmate	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Eucalyptus crebra*	Myrtaceae	ironbark	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Eucalyptus deglupta*	Myrtaceae	Indonesian gum	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
Eucalyptus dunnii	Myrtaceae	Dunn's white gum	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Eucalyptus gardneri	Myrtaceae	blue mallet	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Eucalyptus intermedia*	Myrtaceae	bloodwood	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Eucalyptus kruseana	Myrtaceae	Kruse's mallee	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Eucalyptus microcorys*	Myrtaceae	Australian tallowwood	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Eucalyptus pellita	Myrtaceae	red mahogany	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Eucalyptus platypus	Myrtaceae	round-leaved moort	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Eucalyptus salubris	Myrtaceae	gimlet	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Eucalyptus sideroxylon	Myrtaceae	black ironbark	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
Eucalyptus stoatei	Myrtaceae	scarlet pear gum	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Eucalyptus tereticornis*	Myrtaceae	forest red gum	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
Eucalyptus torquata	Myrtaceae	coral gum	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Eucalyptus urophylla*	Myrtaceae	Timor mountain gum	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Eucalyptus yarraensis*	Myrtaceae	yarra gum	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Euphorbia cotinifolia	Euphorbiaceae	red spurge	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Euphorbia leucocephala	Euphorbiaceae	pascuita	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Euphorbia milli*	Euphorbiaceae	crown of thorns	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Evolvulus glomeratus*	Convolvulaceae	blue daze	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Fagraea berteroana*	Loganiaceae	pua keni keni	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Fagopyrum esculentum*	Polygonaceae	buckwheat	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Ficus deltoidea	Moraceae	mistletoe fig	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Ficus lyrata*	Moraceae	fiddleleaf fig	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Ficus pumila	Moraceae	creeping fig	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Ficus religiosa*	Moraceae	bodhi tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Ficus tikoua*	Moraceae	waipahu fig	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Galphimia gracilis*	Malphigiaceae	slender goldshower	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Gardenia jasminoides*	Rubiaceae	Cape jasmine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Gardenia taitensis*	Rubiaceae	Tahitian gardenia	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Gaura lindheimeri*	Onagraceae	gaura	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Godmania aesculifolia*	Bignoniaceae	cachillo	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Graptophyllum pictum*	Acanthaceae	caricature-plant	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Grewia occidentalis	Malvaceae	lavender star flower	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Griffonia simplicifolia*	Fabaceae	griffonia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Guaiacum officinale*	Zygophyllaceae	lignum vitae	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Gymnostoma papuanum*	Casurinaceae	gymnostoma	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Haplophragma adenophyllum*	Bignoniaceae	karenwood	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Harpullia pendula*	Sapindaceae	tulipwood	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Heritiera littoralis	Sterculiaceae	looking-glass tree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Hernandia ovigera	Hernandiaceae	jack in the box tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Hernandia sonora*	Hernandiaceae	toporite	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Hibiscus calyphyllus*	Malvaceae	lemonyellow rosemallow	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Hibiscus immaculatus	Malvaceae	koki‘o ke‘oke‘o	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Hibiscus insularis	Malvaceae	Philip Island hibiscus	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Holmskioldia sanguinea*	Verbenaceae	Chinese hatplant	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Holmskioldia tettensis	Verbenaceae	purple Chinese hatplant	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Hymenaea courbaril*	Fabaceae	West Indian locust	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Hyophorbe lagenicaulis	Arecaceae	bottle palm	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Ilex dimorphophylla*	Aquifoliaceae	Okinawan holly	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk
*Indigofera teysmannii*	Fabaceae	neel	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Inocarpus fagifer	Fabaceae	Polynesian chestnut	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Intsia bijuga	Fabaceae	kwila	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Ipomoea horsfalliae	Convolvulaceae	Kuhio vine	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Iresine herbstii	Amaranthaceae	blood leaf	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Ixora chinensis*	Rubiaceae	Chinese ixora	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Jasminum mesnyi	Oleaceae	primrose jasmine	Assessment	Pacific	2.5	low risk*
*Jasminum multiflorum*	Oleaceae	star jasmine	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Jatropha integerrima*	Euphorbiaceae	peregrina	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Juniperus chinensis*	Cupressaceae	Chinese juniper	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Justicia brandegeeana*	Acanthaceae	shrimp plant	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Kalanchoe tomentosa*	Crassulaceae	panda plant	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Khaya nyasica*	Meliaceae	East African mahogany	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Kigelia africana	Bignoniaceae	sausage tree	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Kopsia fruticosa*	Apocynaceae	shrub vinca	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Kopsia singapurensis*	Apocynaceae	Singpore kopsia	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Lagenaria siceraria*	Cucurbitaceae	bottle gourd	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Lagerstroemia indica	Lythraceae	crape myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
Lagerstroemia indica x L. fauriei	Lythraceae	crepe myrtle hybrid	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Lagerstroemia speciosa*	Lythraceae	queen's crape myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Latania loddigesii	Arecaceae	blue Latan palm	Assessment	Pacific	-8	low risk
*Lavatera maritima*	Malvaceae	tree mallow	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Leea guineensis	Leeaceae	Hawaiian holly	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Leucophyllum frutescens	Scrophulariaceae	Texas ranger	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Leucospermum bolusii	Proteaceae	Gordon's Bay pincushion	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Liriope muscari*	Liliaceae	lilyturf	Assessment	Pacific	4.5	low risk*
Litchi chinensis	Sapindaceae	lychee	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Livistona rotundifolia	Arecaceae	footstool palm	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Lomandra longifolia 'tanika'	Laxmanniaceae	fine leaf lomandra	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Lonicera x heckrottii	Caprifoliaceae	goldflame honeysuckle	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Lophospermum scandens*	Plantaginaceae	twining snapdrago	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Lotus berthelotii	Fabaceae	parrot's beak	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Luzula nivea*	Juncaceae	snowy wood rush	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
Lysiloma watsonii	Fabaceae	lysiloma	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Macadamia integrifolia*	Proteaceae	macadamia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Macroptilium bracteatum*	Fabaceae	burgundy bean	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Magnolia grandiflora*	Magnoliaceae	southern magnolia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Majidea zanquebarica*	Sapindaceae	black pearl tree	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Malpighia glabra*	Malpighiaceae	wild crapemyrtle	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Malvaviscus penduliflorus*	Malvaceae	Turk's cap	Assessment	Pacific	-9	low risk
Mandevilla x amabilis	Apocynaceae	pink allamanda hybrid	Assessment	Pacific	-11	low risk
Manihot esculenta	Euphorbiaceae	cassava	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Mansoa alliaceum	Bignoniaceae	garlic vine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Mansoa hymenaea	Bignoniaceae	membranous garlic vine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Melaleuca incana var. protrata	Myrtaceae	prostrate gray honey myrtle	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Melaleuca leucadendra*	Myrtaceae	braodleaved paperback	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Melaleuca styphelioides*	Myrtaceae	prickly-leaf teatree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Metroxylon amicarum	Arecaceae	Caroline ivory nut palm	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Michelia x alba	Magnoliaceae	white champaca	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Michelia champaca	Magnoliaceae	orange champaca	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Michelia figo	Magnoliaceae	banana shrub	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Microsorum musifolium*	Polypodiaceae	crocodile fern	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
*Mimusops caffra*	Sapotaceae	coastal red milkwood	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Miscanthus floridulus*	Poaceae	giant miscanthus	Assessment	Pacific	13	high risk**
*Monstera deliciosa*	Araceae	swiss-cheese plant	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Montezuma speciosissima*	Malvaceae	maga	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Morinda citrifolia*	Rubiaceae	noni	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk**
Musa acuminata	Musaceae	Cavendish banana	Assessment	Pacific	-11	low risk
Musa balbisiana	Musaceae	Japanese fiber banana	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Mussaenda erythrophylla	Rubiaceae	red mussaenda	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Mussaenda frondosa	Rubiaceae	flag bush	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Mussaenda philippica	Rubiaceae	white mussaenda	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Nastus elatus*	Poaceae	New Guinea edible bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Nolina recurvata*	Agavaceae	ponytail palm	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Ophiopogon japonicus*	Liliaceae	mondo grass	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Osteospermum fruticosum	Asteraceae	trailing African daisy	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Otacanthus caeruleus	Scrophulariaceae	Brazilian snapdragon	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Otatea aztecorum*	Poaceae	Mexican weeping bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Oxera pulchella*	Verbenaceae	royal vine	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Pachira aquatica	Bombaceae	Malabar chestnut	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Pachystachys lutea	Acanthaceae	yellow shrimp plant	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Pandanus pygmaeus*	Pandanaceae	small screwpine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Parkia speciosa*	Fabaceae	petai	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Passiflora vitifolia	Passifloraceae	crimson passion flower	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Paulownia elongata*	Scrophulariaceae	paulownia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Paulownia fortunei*	Scrophulariaceae	empress diamond	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Pelargonium peltatum*	Geraniaceae	ivyleaf geranium	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Pennisetum glaucum var. 'purple majesty'	Poaceae	ornamental pearl millet	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Peperomia obtusifolia*	Piperaceae	baby rubberplant	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Pereskia grandifolia*	Cactaceae	rose cactus	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Pereskia lychnidiflora*	Cactaceae	arbol del matrimonio	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Petrea volubilis*	Verbenaceae	sandpaper vine	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Philodendron scandens	Araceae	heart-leaf philodendron	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Phoenix roebelenii*	Arecaceae	pygmy date palm	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Piper methysticum*	Piperaceae	kava	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk*
*Platycladus orientalis*	Cupressaceae	oriental arborvitae	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Plectranthus prostratus*	Lamiaceae	pillow plant	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
*Pleiostachya pruinosa*	Marantaceae	prayer plant	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Plumbago auriculata*	Plumbaginaceae	cape leadwort	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
Plumeria obtusa	Apocynaceae	evergreen frangipani	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Plumeria rubra*	Apocynaceae	frangipani	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Podocarpus chinensis*	Podocarpaceae	maki	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Podocarpus elatus*	Podocarpaceae	plum pine	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Podocarpus gracilior	Podocarpaceae	African fern pine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Podocarpus macrophyllus	Podocarpaceae	Japanese yes	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula	Annonaceae	mast tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Polyscias filicifolia*	Araliaceae	geranium aralia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Polyscias fruticosa*	Arailiaceae	Ming Aralia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Polyscias guilfoylei*	Arailiaceae	coffeetree	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Pongamia pinnata*	Fabaceae	Indian beech	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk**
Poranopsis paniculata	Convolvulaceae	bridal bouquet	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Posoqueria latifolia*	Rubiaceae	monkey apple	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Potentilla verna*	Rosaceae	spring cinquefoil	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Pritchardia pacifica*	Arecaceae	Fiji fan palm	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Pritchardia thurstonii	Arecaceae	Thurston's fan palm	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum*	Acanthaceae	blue crossandra	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Pseudobombax ellipticum*	Bombacaceae	shavingbrush tree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Pseudomussaenda flava	Rubiaceae	dwarf yellow mussaenda	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Pterocarpus dalbergioides	Fabaceae	Andaman redwood	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Punica granatum	Punicaceae	pomegranate	Assessment	Pacific	3.5	low risk*
*Rhapis excelsa*	Arecaceae	lady palm	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Rondeletia amoena*	Rubiaceae	rondeletia	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Rondeletia odorata	Rubiaceae	rondeletia	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Ruellia caroliniensis	Acanthaceae	Carolina wild petunia	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Sabal mauritiiformis	Arecaceae	savannah palm	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Saccharum officinarum	Poaceae	sugar cane	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Salicornia virginica	Chenopodiaceae	Virginia pickleweed	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
Sanchezia speciosa	Acanthaceae	sanchezia	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Santalum album*	Santalaceae	Indian sandal wood	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Saraca indica*	Fabaceae	Ashoka tree	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
Saxifraga sarmentosa	Saxifragaceae	strawberry saxifrage	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
Schefflera elegantissima	Araliaceae	false aralia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Schizostachyum brachycladum*	Poaceae	sacred Bali bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Schizostachyum glaucifolium*	Poaceae	Hawaiian bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Schotia brachypetala*	Fabaceae	elephant hedge bean tree	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Senecio cineraria	Asteraceae	dusty miller	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Senecio mandraliscae*	Asteraceae	blue finger	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low riski
*Sequoia sempervirens*	Cupressaceae	California redwood	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Serianthes kanehirae*	Fabaceae	ukall	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Serissa japonica	Rubiaceae	serissa	Assessment	Pacific	-10	low risk
*Simmondsia chinensis*	Simmondsiaceae	jojoba	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Solanum muricatum	Solanaceae	melon pear	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
*Sophora tomentosa*	Fabaceae	yellow necklacepod	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Spathiphyllum cannifolium*	Araceae	spathe flower	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Spathiphyllum wallisii*	Araceae	peace lily	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Spondias dulcis*	Anacardiaceae	wi apple	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Stemmadenia litoralis*	Apocynaceae	lecheso	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Stenocarpus sinuatus*	Proteaceae	wheel of fire	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Stigmaphyllon floribundum	Malpighiaceae	woolly Amazon vine	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Strelitzia nicolai*	Strelitziaceae	bird of paradise tree	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Strelitzia reginae	Strelitziaceae	bird of paradise	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Stromanthe macrochlamys*	Marantaceae	stromanthe	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Stromanthe tonckat*	Marantaceae	stromanthe	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Strongylodon macrobotrys	Fabaceae	jade vine	Assessment	Pacific	-9	low risk
Strophanthus preussii	Apocynaceae	climbing oleander	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Swietenia mahagoni*	Meliaceae	West Indian mahogany	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Syagrus romanzoffiana	Arecaceae	queen palm	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Syngonium auritum*	Araceae	five-fingers	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Tabebuia aurea	Bignoniaceae	silver trumpet tree	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Tabebuia berteroi*	Bignoniaceae	Hispaniolan rosy trumpet tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Tabebuia donnell-smithii*	Bignoniaceae	gold tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Tabebuia impetiginosa	Bignoniaceae	mauve tabebuia	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Tabebuia ochracea	Bignoniaceae	golden trumpet tree	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Tacca leontopetaloides*	Taccaceae	Polynesian arrowroot	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Talipariti elatum	Malvaceae	blue mahoe	Assessment	Pacific	5	low risk*
*Tabernaemontana elegans*	Apocynaceae	warty toad tree	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Tecoma alata*	Bignoniaceae	cahuato	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Tectona grandis*	Verbenaceae	teak	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Tephrosia purpurea*	Fabaceae	pila	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk**
*Terminalia catappa*	Combretaceae	tropical almond	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Terminalia myriocarpa*	Combretaceae	East Indian almond	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Theobroma cacao*	Sterculiaceae	cocoa	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Thespesia populnea*	Malvaceae	milo	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk**
*Thevetia thevetioides*	Apocynaceae	giant Thevetia	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Thrinax parviflora*	Arecaceae	thatch palm	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Thunbergia erecta*	Acanthaceae	bush thunbergia	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Thunbergia mysorensis	Acanthaceae	mysore clock vine	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Thymus vulgaris*	Lamiaceae	thyme	Assessment	Pacific	4	low risk*
*Tibouchina granulosa*	Melastomataceae	purple glorybush	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Tibouchina multiflora*	Melastomataceae	today-tomorrow tibouchina	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Tillandsia cyanea	Bromeliaceae	pink quill	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Tipuana tipu*	Fabaceae	tipu tree	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Tournefortia argentea*	Boraginaceae	tree heliotrope	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Trachelospermum jasminoides	Apocynaceae	confederate jasmine	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Tristellateia australasiae	Malpighiaceae	galphimia vine	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Veitchia joannis*	Arecaceae	Joannis palm	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Veitchia merrillii*	Arecaceae	Manila palm	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Veitchia montgomeryana*	Arecaceae	Montgomery palm	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Veitchia winin*	Arecaceae	Winin palm	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Wallaceodendron celebicum*	Fabaceae	banuyo	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Wodyetia bifurcata*	Arecaceae	foxtail palm	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Wollastonia biflora*	Asteraceae	wedelia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Yucca guatemalensis	Agavaceae	bluestem yucca	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
*Zamia furfuracea*	Zamiaceae	cardboard plant	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Zingiber zerumbet*	Zingiberaceae	shampoo ginger	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Zoysia japonica*	Poaceae	Korean lawngrass	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
*Zoysia tenuifolia*	Poaceae	templegrass	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk

*Accepted or rejected based on second screen.
**Native or early introduction in the Pacific region (excluding Hawai‘i).

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This page updated 2 July 2009