Capsicum frutescens: common name details from PIER

Common name - Language - Location

Language - Location - Common name

Location - Language - Common name

Language - Common name - Location

Common name/Language/Location

Common name Language Location PIER bibliographic reference Comments

aji Spanish ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

ají picante Spanish ? Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

amuek Satawalese Satawal Island Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 11)

amwiik Chuukese Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

bird chili English ? Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

bird pepper English ? Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

bird's-eye chili English ? Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

bird's-eye pepper English ? Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

capsicum English ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

chile Spanish ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

chilee Pohnpeian Pohnpei Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 24)

doni Chamorro Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

doni halum tano Chamorro Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

doni-halomtano Chamorro Guam Island Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

doni-sali Chamorro Guam Island Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

donné sali Chamorro Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

dont sali Chamorro Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

epeba Nauruan Nauru Island Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

fan jiang Chinese ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

guindilla Spanish ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

hot pepper English ? Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

hupo‘o Marquesan Marquesas Islands World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

kidachi-to-garashi English ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

lonni mmwiik yammwiik Chuukese Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

mboro Fijian Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

mboro nganga Fijian Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

mboro ni vavalangi Fijian Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

meringel Palauan Palau Islands (main island group) Fosberg, F. R./Otobed, D./Sachet, M.-H./Oliver, R. L./Powell, D. A./Canfield, J. E. (1980) (p. 38)

mircha Hindi Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

moek Chuukese Chuuk Islands Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

muik Chuukese Chuuk Islands Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

mukh Ulithian Ulithi Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

mwech mwig Yapese Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

mwi Chuukese Chuuk Islands Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

mwi Chuukese Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

mwi Chuukese Satawan Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

mwiik Chuukese Chuuk Islands Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 98)

mwik Chuukese Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 45)

mwik Pohnpeian Ant Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 28)

nīoi Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

nīoi pepa Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

‘ōpolo Tongarevan (spoken) Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island McCormack, Gerald (2013)

‘ōporo Maori (Cook Islands) Cook Islands McCormack, Gerald (2013) Rarotonga, Mangaia, 'Atiu, Ma'uke, Miti'are, Aitutaki

oporo Maori (Cook Islands) Palmerston (Avarau) Island McCormack, Gerald (2013)

oporo Rakahanga-Manihiki Manihiki Atoll McCormack, Gerald (2013)

oporo Rakahanga-Manihiki Rakahanga Atoll McCormack, Gerald (2013)

oporo Tahitian Society Islands Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

‘ōporo Tahitian Tahiti Island Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 386)

‘ōporo Tongarevan (written) Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island McCormack, Gerald (2013)

pepa Marshallese Arno Atoll Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i)

perennial chili English ? Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

piment French ? Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

poivre rouge French ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

poivrons French ? Heine, Heino (1976) (p. 212)

polo Samoan American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

polo Samoan Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

polo Tongan Tonga Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

polo Wallisian Futuna Island Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo feć Samoan American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo feć Samoan Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo feć Tokelauan Tokelau Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo feć Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo feuu Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

polo fifisi Tongan Tonga Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

polo magiho Niuean Niue Island Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

polo mangiho Niuean Niue Island Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192)

polo misi Niuean Niue Island Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192) ?

polo miti Niuean Niue Island Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

polo pālangi Samoan American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo pālangi Samoan Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo papalagi Samoan Manu‘a Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

polo vao Samoan American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polo vao Samoan Manu‘a Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

polo vao Samoan Tutuila Island Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 53)

polo vao Samoan Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

polu uli Samoan Manu‘a Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

red chili English ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

red pepper English ? Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

rokete Fijian Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

sele Pohnpeian Pohnpei Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 30)

spur pepper English ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Tabasco pepper English ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

te beneka I-Kiribati Kiribati (Republic of) Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

t‘ebil tebil Yapese Yap (Waqab) Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 42)

tili Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

tobasco English ? Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

‘upo‘o Marquesan Marquesas Islands World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

yammwiik Chuukese Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

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Language/Location/Common name

Language Location Common name PIER bibliographic reference Comments

Chamorro Guam Island doni Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chamorro Guam Island doni halum tano Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chamorro Guam Island doni-halomtano Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

Chamorro Guam Island doni-sali Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

Chamorro Guam Island donné sali Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chamorro Guam Island dont sali Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chinese ? fan jiang U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Chuukese Chuuk Islands moek Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese Chuuk Islands muik Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese Chuuk Islands mwi Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese Chuuk Islands mwiik Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 98)

Chuukese Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll mwi Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll mwik Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 45)

Chuukese Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll amwiik Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

Chuukese Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll lonni mmwiik yammwiik Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll yammwiik Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

Chuukese Satawan Atoll mwi Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

English ? bird chili Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

English ? bird pepper Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

English ? bird's-eye chili Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

English ? bird's-eye pepper Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

English ? capsicum U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English ? hot pepper Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

English ? kidachi-to-garashi U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English ? perennial chili Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

English ? red chili U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English ? red pepper Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

English ? spur pepper U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English ? Tabasco pepper U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English ? tobasco Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Fijian Fiji Islands mboro Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fijian Fiji Islands mboro nganga Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fijian Fiji Islands mboro ni vavalangi Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fijian Fiji Islands rokete Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

French ? piment Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

French ? poivre rouge U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

French ? poivrons Heine, Heino (1976) (p. 212)

Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands nīoi Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands nīoi pepa Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

Hindi Fiji Islands mircha Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

I-Kiribati Kiribati (Republic of) te beneka Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Maori (Cook Islands) Cook Islands ‘ōporo McCormack, Gerald (2013) Rarotonga, Mangaia, 'Atiu, Ma'uke, Miti'are, Aitutaki

Maori (Cook Islands) Palmerston (Avarau) Island oporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Marquesan Marquesas Islands hupo‘o World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

Marquesan Marquesas Islands ‘upo‘o World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

Marshallese Arno Atoll pepa Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i)

Nauruan Nauru Island epeba Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Niuean Niue Island polo magiho Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

Niuean Niue Island polo mangiho Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192)

Niuean Niue Island polo misi Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192) ?

Niuean Niue Island polo miti Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

Palauan Palau Islands (main island group) meringel Fosberg, F. R./Otobed, D./Sachet, M.-H./Oliver, R. L./Powell, D. A./Canfield, J. E. (1980) (p. 38)

Pohnpeian Ant Atoll mwik Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 28)

Pohnpeian Pohnpei Island chilee Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 24)

Pohnpeian Pohnpei Island sele Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 30)

Rakahanga-Manihiki Manihiki Atoll oporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Rakahanga-Manihiki Rakahanga Atoll oporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Samoan American Samoa Islands polo Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

Samoan American Samoa Islands polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan American Samoa Islands polo pālangi Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan American Samoa Islands polo vao Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan Manu‘a Islands polo papalagi Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Samoan Manu‘a Islands polo vao Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Samoan Manu‘a Islands polu uli Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Samoan Tutuila Island polo vao Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 53)

Samoan Western Samoa Islands polo Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

Samoan Western Samoa Islands polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan Western Samoa Islands polo pālangi Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan Western Samoa Islands polo vao Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Satawalese Satawal Island amuek Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 11)

Spanish ? aji U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Spanish ? ají picante Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

Spanish ? chile U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Spanish ? guindilla U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Tahitian Society Islands oporo Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

Tahitian Tahiti Island ‘ōporo Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 386)

Tokelauan Tokelau Islands polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Tongan Tonga Islands polo Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

Tongan Tonga Islands polo fifisi Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

Tongarevan (spoken) Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island ‘ōpolo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Tongarevan (written) Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island ‘ōporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands polo feuu Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands tili Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

Ulithian Ulithi Atoll mukh Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

Wallisian Futuna Island polo Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Yapese Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll mwech mwig Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

Yapese Yap (Waqab) Island t‘ebil tebil Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 42)

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Location/Language/Common name

Location Language Common name PIER bibliographic reference Comments

? Chinese fan jiang U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? English bird chili Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

? English bird pepper Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

? English bird's-eye chili Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

? English bird's-eye pepper Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

? English capsicum U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? English hot pepper Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

? English kidachi-to-garashi U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? English perennial chili Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

? English red chili U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? English red pepper Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

? English spur pepper U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? English Tabasco pepper U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? English tobasco Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

? French piment Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

? French poivre rouge U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? French poivrons Heine, Heino (1976) (p. 212)

? Spanish aji U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? Spanish ají picante Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

? Spanish chile U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

? Spanish guindilla U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

American Samoa Islands Samoan polo Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

American Samoa Islands Samoan polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

American Samoa Islands Samoan polo pālangi Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

American Samoa Islands Samoan polo vao Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Ant Atoll Pohnpeian mwik Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 28)

Arno Atoll Marshallese pepa Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i)

Chuuk Islands Chuukese moek Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuuk Islands Chuukese muik Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuuk Islands Chuukese mwi Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuuk Islands Chuukese mwiik Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 98)

Cook Islands Maori (Cook Islands) ‘ōporo McCormack, Gerald (2013) Rarotonga, Mangaia, 'Atiu, Ma'uke, Miti'are, Aitutaki

Fiji Islands Fijian mboro Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fiji Islands Fijian mboro nganga Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fiji Islands Fijian mboro ni vavalangi Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fiji Islands Fijian rokete Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fiji Islands Hindi mircha Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Futuna Island Wallisian polo Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Guam Island Chamorro doni Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Guam Island Chamorro doni halum tano Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Guam Island Chamorro doni-halomtano Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

Guam Island Chamorro doni-sali Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

Guam Island Chamorro donné sali Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Guam Island Chamorro dont sali Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian nīoi Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

Hawaiian Islands Hawaiian nīoi pepa Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll Yapese mwech mwig Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

Kiribati (Republic of) I-Kiribati te beneka Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Manihiki Atoll Rakahanga-Manihiki oporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Manu‘a Islands Samoan polo papalagi Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Manu‘a Islands Samoan polo vao Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Manu‘a Islands Samoan polu uli Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Marquesas Islands Marquesan hupo‘o World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

Marquesas Islands Marquesan ‘upo‘o World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll Chuukese mwi Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll Chuukese mwik Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 45)

Nauru Island Nauruan epeba Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Niue Island Niuean polo magiho Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

Niue Island Niuean polo mangiho Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192)

Niue Island Niuean polo misi Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192) ?

Niue Island Niuean polo miti Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

Palau Islands (main island group) Palauan meringel Fosberg, F. R./Otobed, D./Sachet, M.-H./Oliver, R. L./Powell, D. A./Canfield, J. E. (1980) (p. 38)

Palmerston (Avarau) Island Maori (Cook Islands) oporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island Tongarevan (spoken) ‘ōpolo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island Tongarevan (written) ‘ōporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Pohnpei Island Pohnpeian chilee Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 24)

Pohnpei Island Pohnpeian sele Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 30)

Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Chuukese amwiik Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Chuukese lonni mmwiik yammwiik Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Chuukese yammwiik Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

Rakahanga Atoll Rakahanga-Manihiki oporo McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Satawal Island Satawalese amuek Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 11)

Satawan Atoll Chuukese mwi Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Society Islands Tahitian oporo Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

Tahiti Island Tahitian ‘ōporo Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 386)

Tokelau Islands Tokelauan polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Tonga Islands Tongan polo Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

Tonga Islands Tongan polo fifisi Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

Tutuila Island Samoan polo vao Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 53)

Tuvalu Islands Tuvaluan polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Tuvalu Islands Tuvaluan polo feuu Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

Tuvalu Islands Tuvaluan tili Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

Ulithi Atoll Ulithian mukh Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

Western Samoa Islands Samoan polo Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

Western Samoa Islands Samoan polo feć Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Western Samoa Islands Samoan polo pālangi Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Western Samoa Islands Samoan polo vao Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Yap (Waqab) Island Yapese t‘ebil tebil Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 42)

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Language/Common name/Location

Language Common name Location PIER bibliographic reference Comments

Chamorro doni Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chamorro doni halum tano Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chamorro doni-halomtano Guam Island Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

Chamorro doni-sali Guam Island Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)

Chamorro donné sali Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chamorro dont sali Guam Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)

Chinese fan jiang ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Chuukese amwiik Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

Chuukese lonni mmwiik yammwiik Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese moek Chuuk Islands Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese muik Chuuk Islands Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese mwi Chuuk Islands Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese mwi Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese mwi Satawan Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)

Chuukese mwiik Chuuk Islands Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 98)

Chuukese mwik Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 45)

Chuukese yammwiik Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)

English bird chili ? Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

English bird pepper ? Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

English bird's-eye chili ? Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

English bird's-eye pepper ? Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

English capsicum ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English hot pepper ? Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

English kidachi-to-garashi ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English perennial chili ? Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

English red chili ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English red pepper ? Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

English spur pepper ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English Tabasco pepper ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

English tobasco ? Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Fijian mboro Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fijian mboro nganga Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fijian mboro ni vavalangi Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

Fijian rokete Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

French piment ? Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

French poivre rouge ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

French poivrons ? Heine, Heino (1976) (p. 212)

Hawaiian nīoi Hawaiian Islands Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

Hawaiian nīoi pepa Hawaiian Islands Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)

Hindi mircha Fiji Islands Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)

I-Kiribati te beneka Kiribati (Republic of) Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Maori (Cook Islands) ‘ōporo Cook Islands McCormack, Gerald (2013) Rarotonga, Mangaia, 'Atiu, Ma'uke, Miti'are, Aitutaki

Maori (Cook Islands) oporo Palmerston (Avarau) Island McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Marquesan hupo‘o Marquesas Islands World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

Marquesan ‘upo‘o Marquesas Islands World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)

Marshallese pepa Arno Atoll Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i)

Nauruan epeba Nauru Island Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)

Niuean polo magiho Niue Island Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

Niuean polo mangiho Niue Island Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192)

Niuean polo misi Niue Island Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192) ?

Niuean polo miti Niue Island Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)

Palauan meringel Palau Islands (main island group) Fosberg, F. R./Otobed, D./Sachet, M.-H./Oliver, R. L./Powell, D. A./Canfield, J. E. (1980) (p. 38)

Pohnpeian chilee Pohnpei Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 24)

Pohnpeian mwik Ant Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 28)

Pohnpeian sele Pohnpei Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 30)

Rakahanga-Manihiki oporo Manihiki Atoll McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Rakahanga-Manihiki oporo Rakahanga Atoll McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Samoan polo American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

Samoan polo Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)

Samoan polo feć American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan polo feć Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan polo pālangi American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan polo pālangi Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan polo papalagi Manu‘a Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Samoan polo vao American Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan polo vao Manu‘a Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Samoan polo vao Tutuila Island Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 53)

Samoan polo vao Western Samoa Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Samoan polu uli Manu‘a Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)

Satawalese amuek Satawal Island Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 11)

Spanish aji ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Spanish ají picante ? Francis, John K., ed. (2009)

Spanish chile ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Spanish guindilla ? U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Tahitian oporo Society Islands Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)

Tahitian ‘ōporo Tahiti Island Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 386)

Tokelauan polo feć Tokelau Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Tongan polo Tonga Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

Tongan polo fifisi Tonga Islands Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)

Tongarevan (spoken) ‘ōpolo Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Tongarevan (written) ‘ōporo Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island McCormack, Gerald (2013)

Tuvaluan polo feć Tuvalu Islands Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Tuvaluan polo feuu Tuvalu Islands Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

Tuvaluan tili Tuvalu Islands Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)

Ulithian mukh Ulithi Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

Wallisian polo Futuna Island Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)

Yapese mwech mwig Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)

Yapese t‘ebil tebil Yap (Waqab) Island Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 42)

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Capsicum frutescens (PIER info)

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Comments? Questions? Send e-mail to: pier@hear.org

This page was created on 30 SEP 2005 by PT for PIER, and was last updated on 23 May 2018 by PIER.

Common name	Language	Location	PIER bibliographic reference	Comments
aji	Spanish	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
ají picante	Spanish	?	Francis, John K., ed. (2009)
amuek	Satawalese	Satawal Island	Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 11)
amwiik	Chuukese	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)
bird chili	English	?	Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)
bird pepper	English	?	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)
bird's-eye chili	English	?	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
bird's-eye pepper	English	?	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
capsicum	English	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
chile	Spanish	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
chilee	Pohnpeian	Pohnpei Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 24)
doni	Chamorro	Guam Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)
doni halum tano	Chamorro	Guam Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)
doni-halomtano	Chamorro	Guam Island	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)
doni-sali	Chamorro	Guam Island	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 516)
donné sali	Chamorro	Guam Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)
dont sali	Chamorro	Guam Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 4)
epeba	Nauruan	Nauru Island	Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)
fan jiang	Chinese	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
guindilla	Spanish	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
hot pepper	English	?	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
hupo‘o	Marquesan	Marquesas Islands	World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)
kidachi-to-garashi	English	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
lonni mmwiik yammwiik	Chuukese	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)
mboro	Fijian	Fiji Islands	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
mboro nganga	Fijian	Fiji Islands	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
mboro ni vavalangi	Fijian	Fiji Islands	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
meringel	Palauan	Palau Islands (main island group)	Fosberg, F. R./Otobed, D./Sachet, M.-H./Oliver, R. L./Powell, D. A./Canfield, J. E. (1980) (p. 38)
mircha	Hindi	Fiji Islands	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
moek	Chuukese	Chuuk Islands	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)
muik	Chuukese	Chuuk Islands	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)
mukh	Ulithian	Ulithi Atoll	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)
mwech mwig	Yapese	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 41)
mwi	Chuukese	Chuuk Islands	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)
mwi	Chuukese	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)
mwi	Chuukese	Satawan Atoll	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 35)
mwiik	Chuukese	Chuuk Islands	Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 98)
mwik	Chuukese	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 45)
mwik	Pohnpeian	Ant Atoll	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 28)
nīoi	Hawaiian	Hawaiian Islands	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)
nīoi pepa	Hawaiian	Hawaiian Islands	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1253)
‘ōpolo	Tongarevan (spoken)	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island	McCormack, Gerald (2013)
‘ōporo	Maori (Cook Islands)	Cook Islands	McCormack, Gerald (2013)	Rarotonga, Mangaia, 'Atiu, Ma'uke, Miti'are, Aitutaki
oporo	Maori (Cook Islands)	Palmerston (Avarau) Island	McCormack, Gerald (2013)
oporo	Rakahanga-Manihiki	Manihiki Atoll	McCormack, Gerald (2013)
oporo	Rakahanga-Manihiki	Rakahanga Atoll	McCormack, Gerald (2013)
oporo	Tahitian	Society Islands	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)
‘ōporo	Tahitian	Tahiti Island	Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 386)
‘ōporo	Tongarevan (written)	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island	McCormack, Gerald (2013)
pepa	Marshallese	Arno Atoll	Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i)
perennial chili	English	?	Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)
piment	French	?	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 270)
poivre rouge	French	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
poivrons	French	?	Heine, Heino (1976) (p. 212)
polo	Samoan	American Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)
polo	Samoan	Western Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 480)
polo	Tongan	Tonga Islands	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)
polo	Wallisian	Futuna Island	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo feć	Samoan	American Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo feć	Samoan	Western Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo feć	Tokelauan	Tokelau Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo feć	Tuvaluan	Tuvalu Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo feuu	Tuvaluan	Tuvalu Islands	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)
polo fifisi	Tongan	Tonga Islands	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)
polo magiho	Niuean	Niue Island	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)
polo mangiho	Niuean	Niue Island	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192)
polo misi	Niuean	Niue Island	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 192)	?
polo miti	Niuean	Niue Island	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)
polo pālangi	Samoan	American Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo pālangi	Samoan	Western Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo papalagi	Samoan	Manu‘a Islands	Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)
polo vao	Samoan	American Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polo vao	Samoan	Manu‘a Islands	Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)
polo vao	Samoan	Tutuila Island	Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 53)
polo vao	Samoan	Western Samoa Islands	Whistler, W. A. (2000) (p. 193)
polu uli	Samoan	Manu‘a Islands	Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 61)
red chili	English	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
red pepper	English	?	Francis, John K., ed. (2009)
rokete	Fijian	Fiji Islands	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 27)
sele	Pohnpeian	Pohnpei Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 30)
spur pepper	English	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Tabasco pepper	English	?	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
te beneka	I-Kiribati	Kiribati (Republic of)	Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)
t‘ebil tebil	Yapese	Yap (Waqab) Island	Falanruw, Marjorie C./Maka, Jean E./Cole, Thomas G./Whitesell, Craig D. (1990) (p. 42)
tili	Tuvaluan	Tuvalu Islands	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 197)
tobasco	English	?	Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 25)
‘upo‘o	Marquesan	Marquesas Islands	World Health Organization (1998) (p. 33)
yammwiik	Chuukese	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 58)