Western Australia Department of Agriculture (AgWest) Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) Global Compendium of Weeds
Xanthium spinosum (Asteraceae)

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Presented here is summary information about the species Xanthium spinosum from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.

Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]

Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format.]

Origin (native to where): [no info]


Data sources:

CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF FINLAND, based on Kurtto, A. & Lahti, T. 1987: Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo (Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland). - Pamphl. Bot. Mus. Univ. Helsinki 11: I.-VI + 1-163. The list includes all the vascular plants found in Finland up to 1987, excluding those only in cultivation (i.e. taxa found during the past few years - mainly casual plants or plants escaping from cultivation are missing, and erroneous records of the 1987 list have not been corrected) (casual alien)

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindsly provided by Mr Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meybody) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada. (agricultural weed)

20% of the species are Asteraceae, 6% are Poaceae, -

A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand. (naturalised, weed)

Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen. (casual alien)

Albrecht, D. (1998) Weeds of Alice Springs. Northern Territory Herbarium, Unpublished Doc. [Dave Albrecht (weed)

Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF] (naturalised)

Alien species recorded in Poland. Alien Species Polich Database.Wojciech Solarz, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków Poland. (Database was prepared for the Polish Ministry of Environment) (naturalised)

An analysis of 233 species of important and potentially important invasive plants in South Africa (i.e. the reason for importation). The species were extracted from the book Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 12. (L. Henderson pers. comm.)

Argentina AGRO Management Malezas Incluidas. Argentinian Software Development Company. (weed)

Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. (weed)

Balogh L, Dancza István, Királi G (2005) Actual list of neophytes in Hungary and their classification according to their success. In: Mihály B, Botta-Dukát Z (eds.), Biological invasions in Hungary, invasive plants, 61-92. Természet BUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó, Budapest. (naturalised)

Barker, N. and Wood, J. (1998). Seed Impurities of Grain: an identification kit. Vicgrain Ltd. Victoria. (small pocket sized pictorial guide to the weed seeds commonly found in bulk grains)

Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide). (naturalised)

Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University (agricultural weed)

Botha, C. (2001). Common Weeds of Crops and Gardens in Southern Africa. ARC - Grain Crops Institute, South Africa. (agricultural weed)

Botond, M. & Zoltán, B.D.(eds.) (2004) Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. TermészetBUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó.

Boulos, L., and Nabil el-Hadidi, M (1994). The Weed Flora of Egypt. The American University in Cario press, Cario, Egypt. (agricultural weed)

Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcardia, South Africa. (weed)

CALFLORA DATABASE Summaries of geographic distribution, habitat, and lifeform data for the approximately 8400 vascular plant taxa known to be native or naturalized in California, based on published literature as well as specific documented observations. (weed)

Carr, G.W., Yugovic, J.V. and Robinson, K.E. (1992). Environmental Weed Invasions in Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment. Melbourne (environmental weed)

Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005) Minimum residence time,biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions 11: 183-191. Appendix S1 Checklist of 428 naturalized plants in continental Chile, their first record date (FRD), life cycle (LC), biogeographic origin (BO), and number of administrative regions occupied (ARO). Am: America; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Af: Africa; Au: Australia; N.Z.: New Zealand; Pan: Pantropical; Cosmo: Cosmopolitan; Tro: Tropical. (naturalised)

Check-list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - 1994 C.N. French and R.J. Murphy. University of Exeter (casual alien)

Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation. (environmental weed)

City of Portland, Oregon: Nuisance Plant List: Dominating Plants (weed). (weed)

Wittenberg R (ed.) (2005) An inventory of alien species and their threat to biodiversity and economy in Switzerland. CABI Bioscience Switzerland Centre report to the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape. [Table 10.8: Invasive plant species in Europe.]



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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on 04 October 2007 by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007. Valid HTML 4.01!