Global Compendium of Weeds
Verbena rigida (Verbenaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Verbena rigida from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction . For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): [no info]
Data sources:
A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand. (naturalised, weed)
Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen. (casual alien, cultivation escape)
Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF] (naturalised)
Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. (weed)
Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide). (naturalised)
Botond, M. & Zoltán, B.D.(eds.) (2004) Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. TermészetBUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó. (casual alien)
Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz (naturalised)
Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria) (environmental weed)
Environmental Weed List. VEGETATION OF NOOSA SHIRE EDITION 2. This document comprises a list of environmental weeds drawn from Vegetation of Noosa Shire Edition 2. The list is updated from time to time, as new information becomes available. (agricultural weed, environmental weed)
Staples, George W., Derral Herbst & Clyde T. Imada (2000). Survey of Invasive or Potentially Invasive Cultivated Plants in Hawaii. A Special Publication of the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1999. Honolulu, Hawaii. (cultivation escape, environmental weed)
Germplasm Resources Information Network G.R.I.N. GRIN (naturalised)
Hill, M., Baker, R., Broad, G., Chandler, P.J., Copp, G.H., Ellis, J., Jones, D., Hoyland, C., Laing, I., Longshaw, M., Moore, N., Parrott, D., Pearman, D., Preston, C., Smith, R.M. and Waters, R.(2005). Audit of non-native species in England. English Nature Research Reports N° 662, English Nature. (casual alien, cultivation escape)
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA (weed)
Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the United States [USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ] (naturalised)
John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003 (agricultural weed, naturalised)
Keighery, G. and Longman, V. (2004). The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and Distribution in IBRA Regions. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19 (1). pp:12-32. (naturalised)
Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database. (naturalised)
Marticorena, C. (2000?) Naturalised Plants of Chile. University of Santiago Herbarium. (naturalised)
Murphy T.R. and Johnson B.J. (2001) Weeds of Southern Turfgrasses. College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Griffin, Georgia.
Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems. A product of the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER). This table lists all species that are profiled on PIER. It includes those of environmental concern (including those that are probably of threat only to islands with high elevations) as well as agricultural and ruderal weeds. Jim Space, PEIR Co-ordinator. (weed)
Plants Naturalised in Hawai'i. Bishop Musem, Oahu. DISCLAIMER: Be it known to all who use this web resource, that this is NOT intended to represent a complete, definitive, or authoritative checklist of the flora and fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. This is a Beta-Test site that makes available online a copy of the taxonomic database currently used by the Bishop Museum Botany collection for its collections databases. Some groups in this list have been thoroughly scrutinized and do, in fact, represent an essentially complete checklist for the Hawaiian Islands. Other groups, however, are NOT complete, and only represent an unverified listing of what happens to be in the Bishop Museum specimen collection database. (naturalised)
Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. and Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press. (naturalised)
Pysek, P., Sadlo, J. and Mandak (2002) Catalogue of Alien Plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia, Praha. 74:97-186. (casual alien)
RAPID. Common Weeds and Poisonous Plants of North America: University of Idaho, College of Agriculture - [RAPID = Random Access Plant IDentification] (weed)
Richardson, F.J., Richardson, R.G. and Shepherd, R.C.H. (2006). Weeds of the South-East. An identification guide for Australia. R.G. & F.J. Richardson. Meredith, Victoria. ISBN 0958743932, 438 pages. (weed)
Swaziland's Alien Plants Database (naturalised)
The Exotic Flora of Victoria. (1998) Data supplied by Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria, State Herbarium. (naturalised)
The Research Institute for Bioresources. Okayama University. Laboratory of Wild Plant Science. "Naturalized plants from foreign country into Japan". (naturalised)
Villaseñor, Jose L. & and J. Espinosa-Garcia, F. (2004) The alien flowering plants of Mexico. Diversity and Distributions, 10, pp:113-123. (naturalised)
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. and Lorence, D.H. (2005). Naturalised Flora of the Hawaiian Islands website. (04/25/2006) (naturalised)
Wildlife Atlas CAPS plant taxa - Census of Plants in New South Wales National Parks? New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. (weed)
Wilson, B.J., Hawton, D. and Duff, A.A. (1995). Crop Weeds of Northern Australia. Department of Primary Industries Queensland. (agricultural weed)
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Comments? Questions? Send e-mail to: webmaster@hear.org
This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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