Global Compendium of Weeds
Sida spinosa (Malvaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Sida spinosa from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction 
. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): [no info]
Data sources:
CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF FINLAND, based on Kurtto, A. & Lahti, T. 1987: Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo (Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland). - Pamphl. Bot. Mus. Univ. Helsinki 11: I.-VI + 1-163. The list includes all the vascular plants found in Finland up to 1987, excluding those only in cultivation (i.e. taxa found during the past few years - mainly casual plants or plants escaping from cultivation are missing, and erroneous records of the 1987 list have not been corrected)
Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information provided by R. Labrada) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.
Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen.
Albrecht, D. (1998) Weeds of Alice Springs. Northern Territory Herbarium, Unpublished Doc. [Dave Albrecht
Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004.
Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF]
Anon. (1972). Weed Manual. 8th Ed. [2nd revised and extended Edition] Schering AG, Berlin.
Argentina AGRO Management Malezas Incluidas. Argentinian Software Development Company.
Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University
Botha, C. (2001). Common Weeds of Crops and Gardens in Southern Africa. ARC - Grain Crops Institute, South Africa.
Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcardia, South Africa.
Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005) Minimum residence time,biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions 11: 183-191. Appendix S1 Checklist of 428 naturalized plants in continental Chile, their first record date (FRD), life cycle (LC), biogeographic origin (BO), and number of administrative regions occupied (ARO). Am: America; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Af: Africa; Au: Australia; N.Z.: New Zealand; Pan: Pantropical; Cosmo: Cosmopolitan; Tro: Tropical.
Clement, E.J. and Foster, M.C. (1994) Alien plants of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America.
Essl, F. & Rabitsch, W. (eds.) (2002). Neobiota in Österreich. Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Wien.
Flora List for Pohnpei from Christopher Dahl (File creation date 15 Nov 1997) College of Micronesia-FSM Botany 250
Flora of the Marquesas islands. Botany Department of Systematic Biology. Smithsonian Institute.
G.R.I.N. TAXON Database GRIN
Haragan, P.D. (1991). Weeds of Kentucky and Adjacent States - A Field Guide. The University Press of Kentucky. [Patricia Dalton Haragan].
Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Online. Internet. December 24, 1999 .
Hill, M., Baker, R., Broad, G., Chandler, P.J., Copp, G.H., Ellis, J., Jones, D., Hoyland, C., Laing, I., Longshaw, M., Moore, N., Parrott, D., Pearman, D., Preston, C., Smith, R.M. and Waters, R.(2005). Audit of non-native species in England. English Nature Research Reports N° 662, English Nature.
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA
HortGuard and GrainGuard Initial Threat List Compilations
I3N-Paraguay Datasets. Naturalised Flora.
J.H.Kil, K.C.Shim, S.H.Park, K.S.Koh, M.H.Suh, Y.B.Ku, S.U.Suh, H.K.Oh, and H.Y.Kong (2004). Distributions of Naturalized Alien Plants in South Korea. Weed Technology. Vol 18. pp:1493-1495. [An Illustrated Internet Guide to Alien Plants in Korea (http://alienplant.nier.go.kr)] [ online info ]
John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003
Kissman, K.G. & Groth, D. (1995). Plantas Infestantes e Nocivas. Vol 3 - 2nd Ed. BASF.
List of exotic plants that have naturalised within the Wet Tropics Bioregion from Werren, G. (2001) 'Environmental Weeds of the Wet Tropics Bioregion: Risk Assessment & Priority Ranking'. A report prepared for the Wet Tropics Management Authority, Cairns [Source of data: Queensland Herbarium records (HERBRECS) to November 2000; emended by concatenating conspecific subspecies/varieties, and inserting additional species otherwise known to have naturalised within the region]
Lithuanian Invasive Species Database. The Database is aimed: to provide a qualified reference online system on invasive species in Lithuania; to serve a virtual forum on environmental and administrative issues related to biological invasions in Lithuania; to encourage the exchange of data among different geographical regions and serve a node in the global information network on invasive species Project is initiated by the National Advisory Council on Invasive Species established by the Ministry of Environment of Lithuania (ME, Order No. 352, July 1, 2002).
Lorenzi, H. (2000). Plantas daninhas do Brasil. Terrestres, Aquaticas, Parasitas e Toxicas. 3rd Edition. Instituto Plantarum De Estudos Da Flora Ltda
Marticorena, C. & Quezada, A. (1985). Catálogo de la flora vascular de Chile. GAYANA, BOTANICA Vol 42 No. 1-2 Universidad de Concepcion-Chile. (naturalised)
Marticorena, C. (2000?) Naturalised Plants of Chile. University of Santiago Herbarium.
Marzocca, A. (1994). Guia Descriptiva De Malezas Del Cono Sur. Instituto Nacional De Tecnologia Agropecuaria.
Molina, A.R. (1998) Malezas presentes en cultivos de verano. Vol 1. [Verano means 'summer' or 'dry season', so the title is basically, "Summer weeds of cultivation"]
Morita, H. (1997). Handbook of Arable Weeds in Japan. Kumiai Chemical Company.
National Department of Agriculture, South Africa. "List of plants and their control". Contains all names appearing on all labels (most of the labels are crop related and most of the weeds are not legislated).
Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems. A product of the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER). This table lists all species that are profiled on PIER. It includes those of environmental concern (including those that are probably of threat only to islands with high elevations) as well as agricultural and ruderal weeds. Jim Space, PEIR Co-ordinator.
Plants Naturalised in Hawai'i. Bishop Musem, Oahu. DISCLAIMER: Be it known to all who use this web resource, that this is NOT intended to represent a complete, definitive, or authoritative checklist of the flora and fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. This is a Beta-Test site that makes available online a copy of the taxonomic database currently used by the Bishop Museum Botany collection for its collections databases. Some groups in this list have been thoroughly scrutinized and do, in fact, represent an essentially complete checklist for the Hawaiian Islands. Other groups, however, are NOT complete, and only represent an unverified listing of what happens to be in the Bishop Museum specimen collection database.
Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. and Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press.
Pysek, P., Sadlo, J. and Mandak (2002) Catalogue of Alien Plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia, Praha. 74:97-186.
RAPID. Common Weeds and Poisonous Plants of North America: University of Idaho, College of Agriculture - [RAPID = Random Access Plant IDentification]
Royer, F. and Dickinson, R. (1999). Weeds of Canada and the Northern United States. The University of Alberta Press.
on, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen.
Albrecht, D. (1998) Weeds of Alice Springs. Northern Territory Herbarium, Unpublished Doc. [Dave Albrecht
Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004.
Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF]
Anon. (1972). Weed Manual. 8th Ed. [2nd revised and extended Edition] Schering AG, Berlin.
Argentina AGRO Management Malezas Incluidas. Argentinian Software Development Company.
Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University
Botha, C. (2001). Common Weeds of Crops and Gardens in Southern Africa. ARC - Grain Crops Institute, South Africa.
Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcardia, South Africa.
Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005) Minimum residence time,biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions 11: 183-191. Appendix S1 Checklist of 428 naturalized plants in continental Chile, their first record date (FRD), life cycle (LC), biogeographic origin (BO), and number of administrative regions occupied (ARO). Am: America; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Af: Africa; Au: Australia; N.Z.: New Zealand; Pan: Pantropical; Cosmo: Cosmopolitan; Tro: Tropical.
Clement, E.J. and Foster, M.C. (1994) Alien plants of th
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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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