Global Compendium of Weeds
Salix fragilis (Salicaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Salix fragilis from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction 
. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): [no info]
Data sources:
CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF FINLAND, based on Kurtto, A. & Lahti, T. 1987: Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo (Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland). - Pamphl. Bot. Mus. Univ. Helsinki 11: I.-VI + 1-163. The list includes all the vascular plants found in Finland up to 1987, excluding those only in cultivation (i.e. taxa found during the past few years - mainly casual plants or plants escaping from cultivation are missing, and erroneous records of the 1987 list have not been corrected)
A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand.
A summary of a study of the status and impacts of invading exotic plants in South Africa (Summary of information on prominent weed species in South Africa after Dean et al. 1986 and Henderson 1995.)
AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY LAND (PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT) ACT 1991 DECLARATION OF PEST PLANTS DECLARATION NO. 1 0F 1999 Under Subsection 254 (1) of the Land (Planning and Environment) Act 1991, I declare that the following plants to be "pest plants" in the ACT
Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen.
An analysis of 233 species of important and potentially important invasive plants in South Africa (i.e. the reason for importation). The species were extracted from the book Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 12. (L. Henderson pers. comm.)
Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation.
Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz
Cronk, Q.C.B and Fuller, J.L. (1995). Plant Invaders, The threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall United Kingdom
Declared Weeds and Invader plants of South Africa (2000)
Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria) (environmental weed)
Faith T. Campbell; American Lands Alliance; "Worst" Invasive Plant Species in the conterminous United States: weed
Germplasm Resources Information Network G.R.I.N. GRIN
Groves, R.H. & Hosking, J.R. (1997) Recent Incursions of Weeds to Australia. Technical Series N° 3. CRC for Weed Management Systems, Australia.
Haysom, K.A. and Murphy, S.T.(2003). The status of invasiveness of forest tree species outside their natural habitat: a global review and discussion paper. Forest Health and Biosecurity Working Paper FBS/3E. Forestry Department. FAO, Rome.
Henderson, L. (1995). Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook N°5. Agriculture Research Council.
Henderson, L. (2001) Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants. Plant Protection Research Institute & Agricultural Research Council, South Africa.
Hill, M., Baker, R., Broad, G., Chandler, P.J., Copp, G.H., Ellis, J., Jones, D., Hoyland, C., Laing, I., Longshaw, M., Moore, N., Parrott, D., Pearman, D., Preston, C., Smith, R.M. and Waters, R.(2005). Audit of non-native species in England. English Nature Research Reports N° 662, English Nature.
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA
Inger Wallentinus (19??). Introduced Marine Algae and Vascular Plants in European Aquatic Enviroments. Department of Marine Botany, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. Appendix 1. Introduced vascular plants in aquatic environments in the different European areas, incuding also occasional species.
Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the United States [USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ]
Introduced (Naturalised) species of Tasmania (1999) Data Supplied by Resource Management and Conservation Department of Primary Industry, Water & Environment. Hobart
Invasive and Exotic Weeds. Invasive List: The Source for Information and Images of Invasive & Exotic Species. A joint project of The University of Georgia's Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ.
John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003 (environmental weed, naturalised)
Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database.
List of Mediterranean Weeds compiled by Sarah Brunel as part of the Medit Weeds Workshop June 2005. Chargée de mission "Plantes envahissantes" Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles 34 090 MONTPELLIER FRANCE
Mills, E.L., Leach, J.H., Carlton, J.T., and Seacor, C.L. 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a historyof biotic crises and anthropogenic introductions. J. Great Lakes Res. 19(1):1-54. On GREAT LAKES AQUATIC NONINDIGENOUS SPECIES LIST compiled by the NOAA National Center for Research on Aquatic Invasive Species (NCRAIS) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory by Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Mulvaney, M.J. (1991). Far from the Garden Path: An Identikit Picture of Woody Ornamanetal Plants Invading South-Eastern Australian Bushland. PhD Thesis. Dept. Biogeography and Geomorphology, Research School of Pacific Studies. Australian National University
Muyt, A. (2001). Bush Invaders of South-East Australia. R.G. and F.J. Richardson, Victoria
Owen, S.J. (1996). Weeds of concern on conservation lands in New Zealand. Ecological weeds on conservation land in New Zealand: A database. 118p. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Pat Enwright (2003) Adventive species of the Wellington Conservancy ecological district. Project initiated by John Sawyer of D.O.C and further refined and updated by Colin Ogle of Wanganui before Ewen Cameron and Mei Nee Lee of the Auckland Museum herbarium very kindly provided lists of adventive species by ecological district for the Wellington Conservancy from the AK database. I must also thank Ewen Cameron and Rhys Gardner for identification of a number of specimens included in this list, Phillipa Crisp from W.R.C. also supplied information on species recorded by or on behalf of W.R.C and not already included in the database. Pat Enwright pers. comm. [Pat.Enright@nz.towerlimited.com]
Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. and Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press.
Project to identify the riparian and aquatic weeds of Montana - vascular plants only. The Montana State University Herbarium.
Randall, R.P. & Kessal
Randall, R.P. (2001). Garden thugs, a national list of invasive and potentially invasive garden plants. Plant Protection Quarterly 16 (4), 138-171.
Reid, V.A. (1998). The Impact of Weeds on Threatened Plants. DOC, Science & Research Internal Report N° 164.
Richardson, F.J., Richardson, R.G. and Shepherd, R.C.H. (2006). Weeds of the South-East. An identification guide for Australia. R.G. & F.J. Richardson. Meredith, Victoria. ISBN 0958743932, 438 pages. (weed)
Roy, B., Popay, I., Champion, P., James, T., and Rahman, A. (1998). An illustrated guide to the common weeds of New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection Society, R.G. & F.J. Richardson.
Sergei L. Mosyakin and Oksana G. Yavorska (2002) The Nonnative Flora of the Kiev (Kyiv) Urban Area, Ukraine: A Checklist and Brief Analysis URBAN HABITATS, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1 : ISSN 1541-7115 Sergei L. Mosyakin and Oksana G. Yavorska M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Street, Kyiv (Kiev), 01601 Ukraine; flora@ln.ua
Stokes, K., O'Neill, K. & McDonald, R.A. (2004) Invasive species in Ireland. Unpublished report to Environment & Heritage Service and National Parks & Wildlife Service. Quercus, Queens University Belfast, Belfast.
Swaziland's Alien Plants Database
The Exotic Flora of Victoria. (1998) Data supplied by Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria, State Herbarium. (naturalised)
These taxa where indicated as neophytes to the Swiss Flora. (Red list of the endangered fern and flowering plants of Switzerland 2002.)
This list of invasive plants affecting natural areas in the U.S. (including Hawaii) has been compiled from a wide variety of publications, reports, surveys, and occasional personal observations. Sources of plant lists include the National Park Service and other federal agencies, state and local natural resource and related departments, Exotic Pest Plant Councils and related organizations, The Nature Conservancy, and universities. Sources for each plant listed are provided on the table (a legend for the source code is provided from the REFERENCE(S) header). The current list includes over 1000 plants and is updated as needed. Please contact Jil Swearingen (jil_swearingen@nps.gov) regarding any errors, omissions or potential additions to the list.
Tyler W. Smith (2003) Checklist of the spontaneous flora of Royal Botanical Gardens' nature sanctuaries. Royal Botanical Gardens, Contribution No. 113, Ontario Canada. ISBN 0-9691759-3-0
USDA Forest Service Eastern Region, Section 3B. Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States.
revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz
Cronk, Q.C.B and Fuller, J.L. (1995). Plant Invaders, The threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall United Kingdom
Declared Weeds and Invader plants of South Africa (2000)
Environmental Weed List VictGarden Thugs proposed to be withdrawn from nurseries in Western Australia. List complied by Sandy Lloyd in consultation with EWAN, CALM and other staff of Dept.
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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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