Global Compendium of Weeds
Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Pinus sylvestris from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction 
. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): [no info]
Data sources:
A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand. (naturalised, weed)
Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen. (cultivation escape, naturalised)
Checklist of Conifers in the British Isles. Cameron S. Crook, Preston, Lancashire, UK (naturalised)
Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation. (environmental weed)
Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America. (weed)
Faith T. Campbell; American Lands Alliance; weeds (environmental weed)
Haysom, K.A. and Murphy, S.T.(2003). The status of invasiveness of forest tree species outside their natural habitat: a global review and discussion paper. Forest Health and Biosecurity Working Paper FBS/3E. Forestry Department. FAO, Rome. (naturalised)
Hill, M., Baker, R., Broad, G., Chandler, P.J., Copp, G.H., Ellis, J., Jones, D., Hoyland, C., Laing, I., Longshaw, M., Moore, N., Parrott, D., Pearman, D., Preston, C., Smith, R.M. and Waters, R.(2005). Audit of non-native species in England. English Nature Research Reports N° 662, English Nature. (cultivation escape, naturalised)
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA (weed)
f the Sydney region. They can be considered reliable lists for horticultural educators, practising horticulturists and home gardeners, although they will no doubt be added to over the years. AABR c/- Total Environment Centre Level 2/ 362 Kent Street, Sydney 2000 ABN 33 053 528 029 Australian Association of Bush Regenerators (NSW) AABR Inc.
California Noxious Weed Control Projects Inventory (CNWCPI)
Carr, G.W., Yugovic, J.V. and Robinson, K.E. (1992). Environmental Weed Invasions in Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment. Melbourne
Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation.
City of Sacramento, Ordinance Number 92-064. An Ordinance relating to Water Conserving Landscape Reqirements. To save water by the appropriate use of water conserving plants. (November 1992.)
Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz
Cronk, Q.C.B and Fuller, J.L. (1995). Plant Invaders, The threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall United Kingdom
Declared Weeds and Invader plants of South Africa (2000)
Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria)
Environmental Weed List. VEGETATION OF NOOSA SHIRE EDITION 2. This document comprises a list of environmental weeds drawn from Vegetation of Noosa Shire Edition 2. The list is updated from time to time, as new information becomes available.
Exotic Pest Plants of Ecological Concern in California
Faith T. Campbell; American Lands Alliance; weeds
Forman, Jennifer (2003). "The introduction of American plant species into Europe: issues and Consequences." pp. 17-39 in PlanThis list of invasive plants affecting natural areas in the U.S. (including Hawaii) has been compiled from a wide variety of publications, reports, surveys, and occasional personal observations. Sources of plant lists include the National Park Service and other federal agencies, state and local natural resource and related departments, Exotic Pest Plant Councils and related organizations, The Nature Conservancy, and universities. Sources for each plant listed are provided on the table (a legend for the source code is provided from the REFERENCE(S) header). The current list includes over 1000 plants and is updated as needed. Please contact Jil Swearingen (jil_swearingen@nps.gov) regarding any errors, omissions or potential additions to the list. (environmental weed)
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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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