Global Compendium of Weeds
Pinus pinaster (Pinaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Pinus pinaster from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction 
. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): [no info]
Data sources:
A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to weeds compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand. (naturalised, weed)
A summary of a study of the status and impacts of invading exotic plants in South Africa (Summary of information on prominent weed species in South Africa after Dean et al. 1986 and Henderson 1995.) (environmental weed)
An analysis of 233 species of important and potentially important invasive plants in South Africa (i.e. the reason for importation). The species were extracted from the book Henderson, L. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 12. (L. Henderson pers. comm.)
Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide). (naturalised)
Blood, K. (2001) NOT USED IN HER BOOK (environmental weed)
Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcardia, South Africa. (weed)
Carr, G.W., Yugovic, J.V. and Robinson, K.E. (1992). Environmental Weed Invasions in Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment. Melbourne (environmental weed)
Check-list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - 1994 C.N. French and R.J. Murphy. University of Exeter (naturalised)
Checklist of Conifers in the British Isles. Cameron S. Crook, Preston, Lancashire, UK (naturalised)
Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation. (environmental weed)
City of Sacramento, Ordinance Number 92-064. An Ordinance relating to Water Conserving Landscape Reqirements. To save water by the appropriate use of water conserving plants. (November 1992.)
Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz (naturalised)
Cronk, Q.C.B and Fuller, J.L. (1995). Plant Invaders, The threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall United Kingdom (environmental weed)
Csurhes, S. and Edwards, R. (1998) Potential Environmental Weeds in Australia, Candidate Species For Preventative Control. Biodiversity Group, Environment Australia, Canberra, ACT. (environmental weed)
Declared Weeds and Invader plants of South Africa (2000) (noxious weed)
Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria) (environmental weed)
Faith T. Campbell; MOST INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS; weed (environmental weed)
Fern, K. (1992-97). Plants for a Future. A resource centre for edible and other useful plants. The Field, Penpol, Lostwithiel, Cornwall, PL22 0NG, England. (naturalised)
Germplasm Resources Information Network G.R.I.N. GRIN (naturalised)
Global Invasive Species Database was developed by the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP). Results of a search for all Plantae Kingdom.
Haysom, K.A. and Murphy, S.T.(2003). The status of invasiveness of forest tree species outside their natural habitat: a global review and discussion paper. Forest Health and Biosecurity Working Paper FBS/3E. Forestry Department. FAO, Rome. (naturalised)
Henderson, L. (1995). Plant Invaders of Southern Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook N°5. Agriculture Research Council. (weed)
Henderson, L. (2001) Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants. Plant Protection Research Institute & Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. (cultivation escape, noxious weed)
Henderson, M., Fourie, D.M.C., Wells, M.J. and Henderson, L. (1987). "Declared weeds and alien invader plants in South Africa." Department of Agriculture and Water Supply. Pretoria, South Africa (noxious weed)
Hill, M., Baker, R., Broad, G., Chandler, P.J., Copp, G.H., Ellis, J., Jones, D., Hoyland, C., Laing, I., Longshaw, M., Moore, N., Parrott, D., Pearman, D., Preston, C., Smith, R.M. and Waters, R.(2005). Audit of non-native species in England. English Nature Research Reports N° 662, English Nature. (cultivation escape, naturalised)
Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Cousens, R.D., Dodd, J. and Lloyd. S.G. (1997). Western Weeds, a guide to the weeds of Western Australia. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Inc Western Australia. [list of images held in slide collection from original publication] (naturalised)
Introduced (Naturalised) Flora of Ecuador: Catalogs on Web site of owners: http://www.ambiente.gov.ec/AMBIENTE/i3n2000 I3N.htm (If this link is broken, try www.ambiente.gov.ec, then access the data by clicking on "Ecuador Megadiverso" link at the top, then on "Biodiversidad del Ecuador" on the right, then on ""I3N"" on the left.) (naturalised) [ online info ]
Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the United States [USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ] (naturalised)
John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003 (naturalised)
Keighery, G. and Longman, V. (2004). The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and Distribution in IBRA Regions. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19 (1). pp:12-32. (environmental weed, naturalised)
Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database. (naturalised)
List of Mediterranean Weeds compiled by Sarah Brunel as part of the Medit Weeds Workshop June 2005. Chargée de mission Plantes envahissantes Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles 34 090 MONTPELLIER FRANCE
List of Pteridophtyes and Spermatophytes for the Canary Islands (Lista de Pterido y Spermatoe Indice) Presence or Absence is denoted on an island by island basis and introduced (naturalised) taxa are also denoted. 2002. Viceconsejería de Medio Ambiente. Gobierno de Canarias. (naturalised)
MEDITWEEDS, Agency Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement, France, Mediterranean Weed Forum. (environmental weed)
Mulvaney, M.J. (1991). Far from the Garden Path: An Identikit Picture of Woody Ornamanetal Plants Invading South-Eastern Australian Bushland. PhD Thesis. Dept. Biogeography and Geomorphology, Research School of Pacific Studies. Australian National University (weed)
Muyt, A. (2001). Bush Invaders of South-East Australia. R.G. and F.J. Richardson, Victoria (environmental weed)
National Department of Agriculture, South Africa. List of plants and their control. Contains all names appearing on all labels (most of the labels are crop related and most of the weeds are not legislated). (weed)
Owen, S.J. (1996). Weeds of concern on conservation lands in New Zealand. Ecological weeds on conservation land in New Zealand: A database. 118p. Department of Conservation, Wellington. (environmental weed, weed)
Pat Enwright (2003) Adventive species of the Wellington Conservancy ecological district. Project initiated by John Sawyer of D.O.C and further refined and updated by Colin Ogle of Wanganui before Ewen Cameron and Mei Nee Lee of the Auckland Museum herbarium very kindly provided lists of adventive species by ecological district for the Wellington Conservancy from the AK database. I must also thank Ewen Cameron and Rhys Gardner for identification of a number of specimens included in this list, Phillipa Crisp from W.R.C. also supplied information on species recorded by or on behalf of W.R.C and not already included in the database. Pat Enwright pers. comm. [Pat.Enright@nz.towerlimited.com] (naturalised)
Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. and Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press. (naturalised)
sive plants. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 12. (L. Henderson pers. comm.)
Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide). (naturalised)
Blood, K. (2001) NOT USED IN HER BOOK (environmental weed)
Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcardia, South Africa. (weed)
Carr, G.W., Yugovic, J.V. and Robinson, K.E. (1992). Environmental Weed Invasions in Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment. Melbourne (environmental weed)
Check-list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - 1994 C.N. French and R.J. Murphy. University of Exeter (naturalised)
Checklist of Conifers in the British Isles. Cameron S. Crook, Preston, Lancashire, UK (naturalised)
Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation. (environmental weed)
City of Sacramento, Ordinance Number 92-064. An Ordinance relating to Water Conserving Landscape Reqirements. To save water by the appropriate use of water conserving plants. (November 1992.)
Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz (naturalised)
Cronk, Q.C.B and Fuller, J.L. (1995). Plant Invaders, The threat to natural ecosystems. Chapman and Hall United Kingdom (environmental weed)
Csurhes, S. and Edwards, R. (1998) Potential Environmental Weeds in Australia, Candidate Species For Preventative Control. Biodiversity Group, Environment Australia, Canberra, ACT. (environmental weed)
Declared Weeds and Invader plants of South Africa (2000) (noxious weed)
Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of VWildlife Atlas CAPS plant taxa - Census of Plants in New South Wales National Parks? New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. (weed)
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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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