Western Australia Department of Agriculture (AgWest) Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) Global Compendium of Weeds
Modiola caroliniana (Malvaceae)

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(hints)

Presented here is summary information about the species Modiola caroliniana from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.

Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]

Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format.]

Origin (native to where): [no info]


Data sources:

A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand. (naturalised, weed)

Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004. (naturalised)

Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF] (naturalised)

Anon, (----). Species introduced in Continental Portugal [Espécies introduzidas em Portugal Continenta]. ICN - Instituto da Conservacao da Natureza. (naturalised)

Argentina AGRO Management Malezas Incluidas. Argentinian Software Development Company. (weed)

Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne. (weed)

Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide). (naturalised)

Botha, C. (2001). Common Weeds of Crops and Gardens in Southern Africa. ARC - Grain Crops Institute, South Africa. (agricultural weed, garden thug)

Bromilow, C. (1995) Problem Plants of South Africa. Briza Publications, Arcardia, South Africa. (weed)

Carr, G.W., Yugovic, J.V. and Robinson, K.E. (1992). Environmental Weed Invasions in Victoria. Department of Conservation and Environment. Melbourne (environmental weed)

Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005) Minimum residence time,biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions 11: 183-191. Appendix S1 Checklist of 428 naturalized plants in continental Chile, their first record date (FRD), life cycle (LC), biogeographic origin (BO), and number of administrative regions occupied (ARO). Am: America; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Af: Africa; Au: Australia; N.Z.: New Zealand; Pan: Pantropical; Cosmo: Cosmopolitan; Tro: Tropical. (naturalised)

Clement, E.J. and Foster, M.C. (1994) Alien plants of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London. (casual alien)

Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list).  Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand.  Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz (naturalised)

Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America. (weed)

Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria) (environmental weed)

Forman, Jennifer (2003). "The introduction of American plant species into Europe: issues and Consequences." pp. 17-39 in Plant Invasions: Ecological Threats and Management Solutions. Edited by L.E. Child, J.H. Brock, G. Brundu, K. Prach, P. Pysek, P.M. Wade, and M. Williamson. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. [This is a draft list - please request a reprint from jennforman@knottybits.com to see the full article] (naturalised)

Germplasm Resources Information Network G.R.I.N. GRIN (naturalised, weed)

Green, P. (1994) NORFOLK ISLAND SPECIES LIST. In Flora of Australia, Vol.49, AGPS. Australian Biological Resources Study (Peter Green) (naturalised)

Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA (weed)

Hussey, B.M.J., Keighery, G.J., Cousens, R.D., Dodd, J. and Lloyd. S.G. (1997). Western Weeds, a guide to the weeds of Western Australia. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Inc Western Australia. [list of images held in slide collection from original publication] (naturalised)

Introduced (Naturalised) species of Tasmania (1999) Data Supplied by Resource Management and Conservation Department of Primary Industry, Water & Environment. Hobart (naturalised)

J.H.Kil, K.C.Shim, S.H.Park, K.S.Koh, M.H.Suh, Y.B.Ku, S.U.Suh, H.K.Oh, and H.Y.Kong (2004). Distributions of Naturalized Alien Plants in South Korea. Weed Technology. Vol 18. pp:1493-1495. [An Illustrated Internet Guide to Alien Plants in Korea (http://alienplant.nier.go.kr)] (naturalised) [ online info ]

John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003 (agricultural weed, naturalised)

Keighery, G. and Longman, V. (2004). The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and Distribution in IBRA Regions. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19 (1). pp:12-32. (naturalised)

Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database. (naturalised)

Lindemann, H.V. (2006). La flora interactiva de las malezas de México. Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agrícolas. For comments please write to: malezasdemexico@yahoo.com.mx or heike@colpos.mx. (Dec, 2006) (weed)

Wilson, B.J., Hawton, D. and Duff, A.A. (1995). Crop Weeds of Northern Australia. Department of Primary Industries Queensland. (agricultural weed)



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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on 04 October 2007 by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007. Valid HTML 4.01!