Global Compendium of Weeds
Bromus commutatus (Poaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Bromus commutatus from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction 
. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): [no info]
Data sources:
CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF FINLAND, based on Kurtto, A. & Lahti, T. 1987: Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo (Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland). - Pamphl. Bot. Mus. Univ. Helsinki 11: I.-VI + 1-163. The list includes all the vascular plants found in Finland up to 1987, excluding those only in cultivation (i.e. taxa found during the past few years - mainly casual plants or plants escaping from cultivation are missing, and erroneous records of the 1987 list have not been corrected)
Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen.
Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF]
Andersen, R.N. (1968). Germination and Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes. Weed Science Society of America Handbook. WSSA, Illinois.
Argentina AGRO Management Malezas Incluidas. Argentinian Software Development Company.
Avinoam Danin, (2000). Species "new to" the Flora Palaestina area. Flora Mediterranea, 10: 109-172. 2. (The Nomenclature News of Flora Palaestina. Department of Evolution, Systematics, and Ecology, The A. Silberman Institute for Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91904) (naturalised)
Behrendt, S. and Hanf, M. (1979) Grass Weeds In World Agriculture. BASF Aktiengesellschaft. Ludwigshaten am Rhein, Germany.
Darbyshire, S.J. (2003). Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.
Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America.
Faith T. Campbell; American Lands Alliance; weeds
Germplasm Resources Information Network G.R.I.N. GRIN
HortGuard and GrainGuard Initial Threat List Compilations
Häfliger, E. and Scholz, H. (1981). Grassweeds 2. Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the United States [USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ]
Invasive exotic pest plants in Tennessee. Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council. (October 19, 1999). Research Committee of the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council.
Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database.
Marzocca, A. (1994). Guia Descriptiva De Malezas Del Cono Sur. Instituto Nacional De Tecnologia Agropecuaria.
Noxious weeds in the US and Canada. This web site provides a searchable database of the noxious weed lists for all U.S. states and six southern provinces of Canada. The database can be searched by plant name, state name, or by clicking on a map. This portion of the INVADERS web site is supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Principal investigators: Dr. Kerri Skinner, University of Nebraska - Kearny, NE Dr. Lincoln Smith, USDA-ARS Western Region Research Center, Albany, CA Peter Rice, University of Montana - Missoula, MT
Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. and Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press.
Pysek, P., Sadlo, J. and Mandak (2002) Catalogue of Alien Plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia, Praha. 74:97-186.
RAPID. Common Weeds and Poisonous Plants of North America: University of Idaho, College of Agriculture - [RAPID = Random Access Plant IDentification]
Ryves, T.B., Clement, E.J. and Foster, M.C. (1996) Alien Grasses of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
SMURPHBOT: A DATABASE OF FLORA OF NORTHEASTERN CANADA/U.S. Last Updated: January 14, 20043 Stephen D. Murphy, B.Sc. (Hons.), Ph.D. Associate Professor Dept. of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada. Voice: 519-885-1211 ext. 5616 Fax: 519-746-0292 E-mail: sd2murph @ fes.uwaterloo.ca
Seja Bem Vindo ao Site Plantas Daninhas Aqui você encontrará diversas informaçoes, que estao sendo constantemente atualizadas. (March 2002)
The Research Institute for Bioresources. Okayama University. Laboratory of Wild Plant Science. "Naturalized plants from foreign country into Japan".
This list of invasive plants affecting natural areas in the U.S. (including Hawaii) has been compiled from a wide variety of publications, reports, surveys, and occasional personal observations. Sources of plant lists include the National Park Service and other federal agencies, state and local natural resource and related departments, Exotic Pest Plant Councils and related organizations, The Nature Conservancy, and universities. Sources for each plant listed are provided on the table (a legend for the source code is provided from the REFERENCE(S) header). The current list includes over 1000 plants and is updated as needed. Please contact Jil Swearingen (jil_swearingen@nps.gov) regarding any errors, omissions or potential additions to the list.
Tyler W. Smith (2003) Checklist of the spontaneous flora of Royal Botanical Gardens' nature sanctuaries. Royal Botanical Gardens, Contribution No. 113, Ontario Canada. ISBN 0-9691759-3-0
Unité de Malherbologie & Agronomie Weed Science & Agronomy INRA-Dijon This encyclopedic database on plant protection catalogues the main weeds (580) of western Europe, describes the species at two stages: mature plants and seedlings, and provides information on their taxonomy, their distribution and their ecology. Copyright (c) 2000 INRA, all rights reserved ; J.-P. Lonchamp, Nov. 2000
Weber, E. and Gut, D. (2005). A survey of weeds that are increasingly spreading in Europe. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 25 pp: 109-121.
Weeds of Wheat in Iran
Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, V.M., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. (1986) A Catalogue of Problem Plants in Southern Africa, incorporating The National Weed List of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 53. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa.
Williams, G.H. (1982). Elseviers's Dictionary of Weeds of Western Europe. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company Amsterdam, Holland.
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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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