Western Australia Department of Agriculture (AgWest) Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) Global Compendium of Weeds
Betula pendula (Betulaceae)

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(hints)

Presented here is summary information about the species Betula pendula from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.

Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]

Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format.]

Origin (native to where): [no info]


Data sources:

Anon. (1972). Weed Manual. 8th Ed. [2nd revised and extended Edition] Schering AG, Berlin. (environmental weed)

Check-list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - 1994 C.N. French and R.J. Murphy. University of Exeter (naturalised)

Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list).  Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand.  Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz (naturalised)

Faith T. Campbell; American Lands Alliance; "Worst" Invasive Plant Species in the conterminous United States: weed (environmental weed)

Germplasm Resources Information Network G.R.I.N. GRIN (naturalised, weed)

Haysom, K.A. and Murphy, S.T.(2003). The status of invasiveness of forest tree species outside their natural habitat: a global review and discussion paper. Forest Health and Biosecurity Working Paper FBS/3E. Forestry Department. FAO, Rome. (naturalised)

INVASIVE PLANTS OF CANADA, Melinda Thompson Canadian Botanical Conservation Network, August 1997 (weed)

Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the United States [USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ] (naturalised)

Invasive Plants of Natural Habitats in Canada. An Integrated Review of Wetland and Upland Species and Legislation, Government and thier control. Environment Canada and the Canadian Wildlife Service. (environmental weed)

Invasive and Exotic Weeds. Invasive List: The Source for Information and Images of Invasive & Exotic Species. A joint project of The University of Georgia's Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ.

John Hosking, NSW Department of Agriculture, Weed Database 30 April 2003 (naturalised)

Landcare Research New Zealand (2001) Plant Names Database. (naturalised)

Mulvaney, M.J. (1991). Far from the Garden Path: An Identikit Picture of Woody Ornamanetal Plants Invading South-Eastern Australian Bushland. PhD Thesis. Dept. Biogeography and Geomorphology, Research School of Pacific Studies. Australian National University (weed)

Pat Enwright (2003) Adventive species of the Wellington Conservancy ecological district. Project initiated by John Sawyer of D.O.C and further refined and updated by Colin Ogle of Wanganui before Ewen Cameron and Mei Nee Lee of the Auckland Museum herbarium very kindly provided lists of adventive species by ecological district for the Wellington Conservancy from the AK database. I must also thank Ewen Cameron and Rhys Gardner for identification of a number of specimens included in this list, Phillipa Crisp from W.R.C. also supplied information on species recorded by or on behalf of W.R.C and not already included in the database. Pat Enwright pers. comm. [Pat.Enright@nz.towerlimited.com] (naturalised)

Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A. and Dines, T.D. (2002) New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora. An Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Oxford University Press. (naturalised)

Reid, V.A. (1998). The Impact of Weeds on Threatened Plants. DOC, Science & Research Internal Report N° 164. (environmental weed, weed)

SMURPHBOT: A DATABASE OF FLORA OF NORTHEASTERN CANADA/U.S. Last Updated: January 14, 20043 Stephen D. Murphy, B.Sc. (Hons.), Ph.D. Associate Professor Dept. of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada. Voice: 519-885-1211 ext. 5616 Fax: 519-746-0292 E-mail: sd2murph @ fes.uwaterloo.ca (naturalised)

This list of invasive plants affecting natural areas in the U.S. (including Hawaii) has been compiled from a wide variety of publications, reports, surveys, and occasional personal observations. Sources of plant lists include the National Park Service and other federal agencies, state and local natural resource and related departments, Exotic Pest Plant Councils and related organizations, The Nature Conservancy, and universities. Sources for each plant listed are provided on the table (a legend for the source code is provided from the REFERENCE(S) header). The current list includes over 1000 plants and is updated as needed. Please contact Jil Swearingen (jil_swearingen@nps.gov) regarding any errors, omissions or potential additions to the list. (environmental weed)

Tyler W. Smith (2003) Checklist of the spontaneous flora of Royal Botanical Gardens' nature sanctuaries. Royal Botanical Gardens, Contribution No. 113, Ontario Canada. ISBN 0-9691759-3-0 (cultivation escape)

Williams, G.H. (1982). Elseviers's Dictionary of Weeds of Western Europe. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company Amsterdam, Holland. (weed)



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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on 04 October 2007 by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007. Valid HTML 4.01!