Global Compendium of Weeds
Azolla pinnata (Azollaceae)
Presented here is summary information about the species Azolla pinnata from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction 
. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.
Synonyms/other Latin names: [ see GRIN ]
Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction .]
Origin (native to where): Australia, South Africa
Data sources:
Lesley Henderson & Carina J. Cilliers (2002) Invasive Aquatic Plants. A guide to the identification of the most important and potentially dangerous invasive aquatic and wetland plants in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 16. Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. SPECIES NOT WANTED IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. The list is based on prohibited and noxious plant lists for South Africa and other countries which share many invasive species with southern Africa, namely Australia, New Zealand, United States of America (federal list), Florida (State list) and California (State list) see references after the list. The list includes species not yet in southern Africa and those which may be present but are scarce and their cultivation should be discouraged. Algae are excluded.
Lesley Henderson & Carina J. Cilliers (2002) Invasive Aquatic Plants. A guide to the identification of the most important and potentially dangerous invasive aquatic and wetland plants in South Africa. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 16. Agricultural Research Council, South Africa. [Indigenous southern and tropical African species which could become invasive outside their natural ranges.]
A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to weeds compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand.
Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Chris Buddenhagen and Melanie Newfield (pers comm. 2001) A list of potential and actual environmental weeds for New Zealand. Department of Conservation.
Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list). Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand. Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz
Conabio » Programa de especies invasoras » Especies invasoras plantas (Mexico)
DiTomaso, J.M. and Healy, E.A. (2003). Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 3421.
Dr. David Patterson Weed Specialist North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Plant Protection Section email: David_Patterson@mail.agr.state.nc.us
Federal Noxious Weed List of the United States. - State and Federal Composite List of All U.S. Noxious Weeds. USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
G.R.I.N. TAXON Database GRIN
Global Invasive Species Database was developed by the IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP). Results of a search for all Plantae Kingdom.
Harada, J., Shibayama, H. and Morita, H. (1996). Weeds in the Tropics. Association for International Cooperation of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan.
Holm, L. G., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. (1997). World Weeds. Natural Histories and Distribution. John Wiley and Sons New York, USA.
Holm, L. G., Pancho, J. V., Herberger, J. P. and Plucknett, D. L. (1979). A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds. John Wiley and Sons NewYork, USA
Horng, H.C. & Leu, L.S. (1980). Weeds of Cultivated Land in Taiwan. Weed Science Society of the Republic of China.
Inger Wallentinus (19??). Introduced Marine Algae and Vascular Plants in European Aquatic Enviroments. Department of Marine Botany, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. Appendix 1. Introduced vascular plants in aquatic environments in the different European areas, incuding also occasional species.
Introduced (Naturalised) Species to the United States [USDA, NRCS 1999. The PLANTS database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ]
Invasive and Exotic Weeds. Invasive List: The Source for Information and Images of Invasive & Exotic Species. A joint project of The University of Georgia's Bugwood Network, USDA Forest Service and USDA APHIS PPQ.
Keighery, G. and Longman, V. (2004). The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and Distribution in IBRA Regions. Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19 (1). pp:12-32.
Koo, S.K., Chin, Y.W., Kwon, Y.W., Cung, H.A. (2000) Common Weeds in Vietnam. Agriculture Publsihing House, Vietnam.
Major Weeds of Thailand. Botany and Weed Science Division of the Thai Department of Agriculture.
Mangoensoekardjo, S. and Pancho, J.V. (1975). Rerumputan Di Kebun Karet, Kelapa, Sawit, Coklat, The Dan Padi Serta cara Pemberantasannya. [Current Status of weed problems in plantation crops]. Bulletin B.P.P.M. Vol.6 No 1 Maret.
Matachacheep, S. (1995) Weeds of Thailand. Ratchamongkol Tech. Ins. Thailand. (Dr. Surachai Matachacheep).
Matchacheep, S. (1995) Weeds of Thailand, Thai Publication. [Author Ass. Prof. Dr. Surachai Matchacheep of the Ratchamongkul Technology Institute, Thailand. List supplied by Ricky Ward, Enviroweeds)]
Noda, K., Teerawatsakul, M., Prakongvongs, C. and Chaiwiratnukul, L. (1994). Major Weeds in Thailand. National Weed Science Research Institute Project, Revised Third Edition. Thailand.
Noxious weeds in the US and Canada. This web site provides a searchable database of the noxious weed lists for all U.S. states and six southern provinces of Canada. The database can be searched by plant name, state name, or by clicking on a map. This portion of the INVADERS web site is supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. Principal investigators: Dr. Kerri Skinner, University of Nebraska - Kearny, NE Dr. Lincoln Smith, USDA-ARS Western Region Research Center, Albany, CA Peter Rice, University of Montana - Missoula, MT
Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems. A product of the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk project (PIER). This table lists all species that are profiled on PIER. It includes those of environmental concern (including those that are probably of threat only to islands with high elevations) as well as agricultural and ruderal weeds. Jim Space, PEIR Co-ordinator.
Randall, R.P., Mitchell, A.A. & Waterhouse, B.M. (1999) Tropical Weeds Report. Internal Report to Manager of Plant Industry Protection, Dept of Agriculture, Western Australia.
Richardson, F.J., Richardson, R.G. and Shepherd, R.C.H. (2006). Weeds of the South-East. An identification guide for Australia. R.G. & F.J. Richardson. Meredith, Victoria. ISBN 0958743932, 438 pages.
Wells, M.J., Balsinhas, V.M., Joffe, H., Engelbrecht, V.M., Harding, G. and Stirton, C.H. (1986) A Catalogue of Problem Plants in Southern Africa, incorporating The National Weed List of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 53. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. (agricultural weed, weed)
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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on
04 October 2007
by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007.
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