Western Australia Department of Agriculture (AgWest) Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR) Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW) Global Compendium of Weeds
Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae)


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Presented here is summary information about the species Amaranthus retroflexus from the Global Compendium of Weeds, and citations of references to this species as a weed. Definitions of terms are available in the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format. For further information--or to report corrections or concerns--contact webmaster@hear.org.


Synonyms/other Latin names:see GRIN ]

Status(es) (compiled for below "Data sources"): agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed [for definitions, see the GCW introduction View info about Adobe Acrobat PDF format.]

Origin (native to where): 57% are therophytes, 17% are hemicryptophytes, 12% are geophytes and 10% are phanerophytes,-, Americas, Tropical & N America, N-Am., "Canada, USA, Mexico", N-am., N. America, America , North America, Tropical America, North and Central America, North America, N America



Data sources:

CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF FINLAND, based on Kurtto, A. & Lahti, T. 1987: Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo (Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland). - Pamphl. Bot. Mus. Univ. Helsinki 11: I.-VI + 1-163. The list includes all the vascular plants found in Finland up to 1987, excluding those only in cultivation (i.e. taxa found during the past few years - mainly casual plants or plants escaping from cultivation are missing, and erroneous records of the 1987 list have not been corrected)

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindly provided by Dr A.E. Irmaileh) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindly provided by Prof A. R. Saghir) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindsly provided by Mr Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meybody) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - France (by Robert Giovinazzo)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Israel (by Yeshaiahu Kleifeld)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Italy (by Francesco Tei)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Morocco (by Si Bennasseur Rzozi)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Poland (by Adam Dobrzanski)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Portugal (by Fatima Rocha)

20% of the species are Asteraceae, 6% are Poaceae, -

A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand.

AgroInformacoes Plantas Daninhas - Brasil (Problematic Plants of Agriculture in Brazil).

Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen.

Alfalfa Weeds of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University.

Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004.

Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF]

Alien species recorded in Poland. Alien Species Polich Database.Wojciech Solarz, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków Poland. (Database was prepared for the Polish Ministry of Environment)

Andersen, R.N. (1968). Germination and Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes. Weed Science Society of America Handbook. WSSA, Illinois.

Anon (1989) Manuale per il Riconoscimento delle Principali erbe Infestantii. Societa Italiana per lo Studio della Lotta alle Malerbe S.I.L.M Italy.

Anon (1992). The Grower's Weed Identification Handbook by Family and by Aphabetical Listing. Publication 4030. - Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California.

Anon. (1972). Weed Manual. 8th Ed. [2nd revised and extended Edition] Schering AG, Berlin.

Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne.

Balogh L, Dancza István, Királi G (2005) Actual list of neophytes in Hungary and their classification according to their success. In: Mihály B, Botta-Dukát Z (eds.), Biological invasions in Hungary, invasive plants, 61-92. Természet BUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó, Budapest.

Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide).

Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University

Botond, M. & Zoltán, B.D.(eds.) (2004) Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. TermészetBUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó.

CALFLORA DATABASE Summaries of geographic distribution, habitat, and lifeform data for the approximately 8400 vascular plant taxa known to be native or naturalized in California, based on published literature as well as specific documented observations.

Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005) Minimum residence time,biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions 11: 183-191. Appendix S1 Checklist of 428 naturalized plants in continental Chile, their first record date (FRD), life cycle (LC), biogeographic origin (BO), and number of administrative regions occupied (ARO). Am: America; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Af: Africa; Au: Australia; N.Z.: New Zealand; Pan: Pantropical; Cosmo: Cosmopolitan; Tro: Tropical.

Check-list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - 1994 C.N. French and R.J. Murphy. University of Exeter

China Species Information Service. Invasive Aliens Species in China.

Chris, R. and McLendon, T. (1998) An Assessment of Exotic Plant Species of Rocky Mountain National Park Rutledge. Department of Rangeland Ecosystem Science, Colorado State University. 97pp. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Page. (Version 15DEC98).

Cirsium 2002 T. Seliskar & Institut za fitomedicino BF. Check list of organisms with Bayer codes, use codes, pictures and passports with over 200.000 Latin names and 120.000 Native name . Source of latin names and common names EPPO Plant Protection Thesaurus, Registry of Flora of Slovenia, Mala flora Slovenije Photos by: Branko Vres, Andrej Seliskar, Franci Celar, Stanislav Gomboc, Robert Brus, Lea Milevoj, Gregor Urek, H. Weilguny Bla_ Segula.

Clement, E.J. and Foster, M.C. (1994) Alien plants of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.

Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list).  Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand.  Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz

Dana, E.D., Sanz, M., Vivas, S. and Sobrino, E. (2005). Especies Vegetales Invasoras en Andalucía. Junta de Andalucía. (Section devoted to this taxon).

Darbyshire, S.J. (2003). Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.

Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America.

Databases. List of Weed Species with links to more data. FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria)

Ernst Hafliger, (Basle), and Josef Brun-Hool, (Lucerne) (1968-) CIBA-GEIGY WEED TABLES A synoptic presentation of the flora accompanying agricultural crops.

Essl, F. & Rabitsch, W. (eds.) (2002). Neobiota in Österreich. Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Wien.

F FINLAND, based on Kurtto, A. & Lahti, T. 1987: Suomen putkilokasvien luettelo (Checklist of the vascular plants of Finland). - Pamphl. Bot. Mus. Univ. Helsinki 11: I.-VI + 1-163. The list includes all the vascular plants found in Finland up to 1987, excluding those only in cultivation (i.e. taxa found during the past few years - mainly casual plants or plants escaping from cultivation are missing, and erroneous records of the 1987 list have not been corrected)

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindly provided by Dr A.E. Irmaileh) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindly provided by Prof A. R. Saghir) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Important Weed Species in Crops and Countries. Data stored from 59 developing countries and regularly updated. (Information kindsly provided by Mr Mohammad Ali Baghestani Meybody) FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - France (by Robert Giovinazzo)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Israel (by Yeshaiahu Kleifeld)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Italy (by Francesco Tei)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Morocco (by Si Bennasseur Rzozi)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Poland (by Adam Dobrzanski)

Weeds and weed management in tomatos, Details from single countries. - Portugal (by Fatima Rocha)

20% of the species are Asteraceae, 6% are Poaceae, -

A list of weed species from various New Zealand references to "weeds" compiled by P.A.Williams, Landcare Research, New Zealand.

AgroInformacoes Plantas Daninhas - Brasil (Problematic Plants of Agriculture in Brazil).

Alanen, A., Bongard, T., Einarsson, E., Hansen, H., Hedlund, L., Jansson, K., Josefsson, M., Philipp, M., Sandlund, O.T., Svart, A.E., Svart, H.E. and Weidema, I. (2004?). Introduced Species in the Nordic Countries (Denmark) under Nordic Council of Ministers (NMR), subgroup Natur-og Friluftslivsgruppen.

Alfalfa Weeds of Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University.

Alien Plants in Korea. National Institute of Environmental Research. NIER : nier.go.kr Director. Deok-Gil Rhee. July 2004.

Alien Species. On March 10, the Japanese Cabinet submitted the bill dealing with invasive alien species to the Diet. The Diet passed the bill without amendments and the Invasive Alien Species Act was promulgated as of June 2, 2004. List of alien species recognized to be established in Japan or found in the Japanese wild (as of October 27, 2004) [PDF]

Alien species recorded in Poland. Alien Species Polich Database.Wojciech Solarz, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków Poland. (Database was prepared for the Polish Ministry of Environment)

Andersen, R.N. (1968). Germination and Establishment of Weeds for Experimental Purposes. Weed Science Society of America Handbook. WSSA, Illinois.

Anon (1989) Manuale per il Riconoscimento delle Principali erbe Infestantii. Societa Italiana per lo Studio della Lotta alle Malerbe S.I.L.M Italy.

Anon (1992). The Grower's Weed Identification Handbook by Family and by Aphabetical Listing. Publication 4030. - Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California.

Anon. (1972). Weed Manual. 8th Ed. [2nd revised and extended Edition] Schering AG, Berlin.

Auld, B.A. and Medd, R.W. (1992) WEEDS, An illustrated botanical guide to the weeds of Australia. Inkata Press, Melbourne.

Balogh L, Dancza István, Királi G (2005) Actual list of neophytes in Hungary and their classification according to their success. In: Mihály B, Botta-Dukát Z (eds.), Biological invasions in Hungary, invasive plants, 61-92. Természet BUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó, Budapest.

Barker, W.R., R.M.Barker, J.P. Jessop & H.P. Vonow (Eds.) (2005). Census of South Australian Vascular Plants. 5th Edition. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. Supplement 1. (Botanic Gardens of Adelaide & State Herbarium: Adelaide).

Bernard H. Zandstra (2003). Weed Control Guide for Vegetable Crops. MSU Extension Bulletin E-433 (Revised November 2002). Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University

Botond, M. & Zoltán, B.D.(eds.) (2004) Biological Invasions in Hungary. Invasive Plants. TermészetBUVAR Alapítvány Kiadó.

CALFLORA DATABASE Summaries of geographic distribution, habitat, and lifeform data for the approximately 8400 vascular plant taxa known to be native or naturalized in California, based on published literature as well as specific documented observations.

Castro, S.A., Figueroa, J.A., Munoz-Schick, M. and Jaksic, F.M. (2005) Minimum residence time,biogeographical origin, and life cycle as determinants of the geographical extent of naturalized plants in continental Chile. Diversity and Distributions 11: 183-191. Appendix S1 Checklist of 428 naturalized plants in continental Chile, their first record date (FRD), life cycle (LC), biogeographic origin (BO), and number of administrative regions occupied (ARO). Am: America; Eu: Europe; As: Asia; Af: Africa; Au: Australia; N.Z.: New Zealand; Pan: Pantropical; Cosmo: Cosmopolitan; Tro: Tropical.

Check-list of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly - 1994 C.N. French and R.J. Murphy. University of Exeter

China Species Information Service. Invasive Aliens Species in China.

Chris, R. and McLendon, T. (1998) An Assessment of Exotic Plant Species of Rocky Mountain National Park Rutledge. Department of Rangeland Ecosystem Science, Colorado State University. 97pp. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Page. (Version 15DEC98).

Cirsium 2002 T. Seliskar & Institut za fitomedicino BF. Check list of organisms with Bayer codes, use codes, pictures and passports with over 200.000 Latin names and 120.000 Native name . Source of latin names and common names EPPO Plant Protection Thesaurus, Registry of Flora of Slovenia, Mala flora Slovenije Photos by: Branko Vres, Andrej Seliskar, Franci Celar, Stanislav Gomboc, Robert Brus, Lea Milevoj, Gregor Urek, H. Weilguny Bla_ Segula.

Clement, E.J. and Foster, M.C. (1994) Alien plants of the British Isles. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.

Colin C. Ogle (last revision May 2003). Adventive plants collected in the Wanganui Conservancy of the New Zealand Department of Conservation, 1988-present. (Unpublished working list).  Author's address: 22 Forres St, Wanganui, New Zealand.  Email: robcol.ogle@xtra.co.nz

Dana, E.D., Sanz, M., Vivas, S. and Sobrino, E. (2005). Especies Vegetales Invasoras en Andalucía. Junta de Andalucía. (Section devoted to this taxon).

Darbyshire, S.J. (2003). Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Ottawa, Ontario.

Darrow, R.A. Erickson, L.C. Holstrum, J.T.Jnr., Miller, J.F., Scudder, W.F. and Williams, J.L. Jnr. (1966) Report of the Terminology Committee, Standardized Names of Weeds. WSSA (14), 346-386. Weed Science Society of America.

Databases. List of Weed Species with links to more data. FAO Weed Management, Ricardo Labrada.

Environmental Weed List Victoria. Supplied by Weedmanager.Net (Source not cited but possibly drawn from Carr et al. Environmental Weeds of Victoria)

Ernst Hafliger, (Basle), and Josef Brun-Hool, (Lucerne) (1968-) CIBA-GEIGY WEED TABLES A synoptic presentation of the flora accompanying agricultural crops.

Zhang, Z.P. & Hirota, S. (Eds) (2000). Chinese Colored Weed Illustrated Book. Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R.China, and the Japan Association For Advancement of Phyto-Regulators.




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This page was created on 13 September 2007 by PT, and was last updated on 04 October 2007 by PT based on data from Rod Randall's Global Compendium of Weeds database dated 24 January 2007. Valid HTML 4.01!