Information Index for Selected Alien Vertebrates in Hawaii

This is an index of information available about selected alien (non-native) vertebrates (animals with backbones) in Hawaii. (Information indexes for other organism groups are also available.)

NOTE: Use the "Find" feature of your browser to quickly locate a particular family, genus, species, or other information. (Further information about searching the HEAR website is also available online.)

Common name search is also available:

IMPORTANT!  The information at this site is the result of an ONGOING EFFORT; data is UPDATED as we receive more/better information.  The information presented here is NOT intended to represent "the be­all, end­all" for any species.  Rather, we hope that it will stimulate you to send us new links or corrections/updated information based on your own field observations or other experience!

Alectoris chukar (Phasianidae) - chukar

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Amandava amandava (Estrildidae) - red avadavat

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Amphilophus citrinellum (Cichlidae) - Midas cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Amphilophus labiatum (Cichlidae) - red devil

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Ancistrus cf. temmincki (family=??) - birstlenose catfish, bearded catfish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Anolis carolinensis ssp. porcatus (Iguanidae) - anole, "American chameleon"

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Anolis sagrei (Iguanidae) - brown anole

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Antilocapra americana ssp. americana (Antilocapridae) - pronghorn

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Aratinga mitrata - Mitred conure (mitred parakeet)

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands
  • Free-ranging parrot population of Haiku District, Maui, Hawaii by Dr. George Waring (Dept. of Zoology, Southern Illinois University)

• Other websites:
• State plans to kill Maui parrots - Honolulu Advertiser article 11 August 2003
• Parrot invasion worries Maui - Honolulu Advertiser article 08 January 2001

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Archocentrus nigrofasciatus (Cichlidae) - convict cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Astronotus ocellatus (Cichlidae) - oscar

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Axis axis [Cervidae: Cervinae] - Axis deer

HEAR info: Distribution on main Hawaiian islands Initial findings and recommendations for a Maui deer management plan (06 August 2002)  (authored by the Maui Axis Deer Group) Maui News article: Deer invade sensitive environmental areas by Timothy Hurley (Maui News) Preliminary study of the behavior and ecology of axis deer on Maui, Hawaii by Dr. George Waring (Dept. of Zoology, Southern Illinois University) Axis deer bibliography (by Steven B. Anderson, axis deer researcher, Maui, Hawaii). Other websites: Axis deer in Hawaii (student report) Axis deer (in Texas) FAQ Rare Hawaii: Deer - an article entitled "Deer: introduced by the state government" from the Rare Hawaii website Axis deer run amok on Maui - an article from the publication Environment Hawaii

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Boiga irregularis - Brown tree snake

HEAR info: Distribution on main Hawaiian islands (Note: no populations now known from Hawaii [03/2000])    Brown tree snake IMAGES (URL:  http://www.hear.org/announcements/extras/20030609cgapsbtstrainingpressrelease_images.htm) Other websites: The Brown Tree Snake on Guam: A Comprehensive Information Source (CD) A CD entitled The Brown Tree Snake on Guam: A Comprehensive Information Source was prepared by Thomas H. Fritts and Dawn Leasman-Tanner. You may request a copy from the author, or--if it's no longer available from that source--request a copy from the HEAR webmaster. Brown tree snake information from invasivespecies.gov Brown tree snake information from USGS/BRD Brown Tree Snake - USDA/APHIS information sheet (Nov. 2001) A Summary of Documented Arrivals of Brown Tree Snakes (and Sightings on Saipan Likely to Represent Brown Tree Snakes) to Islands and the Continental United States - from USGS Patuxent Wildlife Reseach Center Invasions of the brown tree snake - from the "Non-Native Species" section of the USGS/BRD 1999 status & trends report ("Our Living Resources: A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems")

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Bos taurus (Bovidae) - cow

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Bubulcus ibis (Ardeidae) - cattle egret

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Bufo marinus (family=??) - giant toad, marine toad, cane toad, poloka

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Callipepla californica (Phasianidae) - California quail, California partridge, Catalina quail, valley quail

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Callipepla gambelii (Phasianidae) - Gambel's quail

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Capra hircus (Bovidae) - goat

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other websites:
  • Threat Abatement Plan for Competition and Land Degradation by Feral Goats (Environment Australia)
  • Rare Hawaii: Goats - an article entitled "How do you make a desert? Start with any piece of land. Add goats." from the Rare Hawaii website

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Carassius auratus (family=??) - goldfish, funa, i'a 'ula'ula

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Cats

• (see Felis silvestris)

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Cettia diphone (Muscicapidae) - thrush

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Chamaeleo calyptratus [Chamaeleonidae] - veiled chameleon

• HEAR info:
  • Flyer RE: veiled chameleon (Chameleo calyptratus) on Maui (including characteristics to distingish the veiled chameleon from Jackson's chameleon [Chameleo jacksonii]; from the Maui Invasive Species Committee)  

• Information on other websites:
  • Search for online images at other websites

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Chamaeleo jacksonii [Chamaeleonidae] - Jackson's chameleon

HEAR info: Flyer RE: veiled chameleon (Chameleo calyptratus) on Maui (including characteristics to distingish the veiled chameleon from Jackson's chameleon [Chameleo jacksonii]; from the Maui Invasive Species Committee)   Preliminary study of the behavior and ecology of Jackson's chameleons of Maui, Hawaii by Dr. George Waring (Dept. of Zoology, Southern Illinois University) A zipped high-resolution publishable image is available online. Permission to use this image for educational purposes will generally be granted provided that permission is obtained (please explain intended use in request) and credit is given to the photographer & agency (Philip A. Thomas, Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project [HEAR]). Information on other websites: Search for online images at other websites Jackson's chameleon (student report)

Photo by Philip A. Thomas Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)

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Channa striata (family=??) - chevron snakehead, pongee, i'a pake

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Chrysemys scripta elegans (family=??) - red-eared slider

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Cichla ocellaris (family=??) - tucunare, peacock bass

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Cichlasoma spilurus (formerly aka Cichlasoma cutteri) (family=) - cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Clarias fuscus (family=??) - Chinese catfish, puntat, 'o'opu kui

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Collocalia bartschi (Apodidae) - woodpecker

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Columba livia (Columbidae) - rock dove, feral rock pigeon

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other info:
  • Bernice P. Bishop Museum (Honolulu) records RE: distribution of this species in Hawaii
  • Environmental & economic costs associated with this species
    ("Environmental and economic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States", Pimental et al.) (http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Jan99/species_costs.html)
  • Search for other online info on this species as a nonindigenous species

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Copsychus malabaricus (Muscicapidae) - white-rumped shama

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Corydoras aeneus (family=??) - bronze catfish, cory

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Cyprinus carpio (family=??) - carp, koi

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Dorosoma petenense (family=??) - threadfin shad

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Eleutherodactylus coqui, Eleutherodactylus planirostris (Leptodactylidae) - Caribbean frogs

Coqui & greenhouse frogs: alien Caribbean frogs in Hawaii    -HEAR coqui species page    -HEAR greenhouse frog species page Control of coqui frogs in Hawaii (CTAHR)

Photo by Allen Allison Hawaii Biological Survey

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Equus asinus (Equidae) - donkey

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Equus caballus ssp. caballus (Equidae) - horse

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Estrilda astrild (Estrildidae) - common waxbill

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Estrilda caerulescens (Estrildidae) - lavendar waxbill

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Estrilda melpoda (Estrildidae) - orange cheek waxbill

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Estrilda troglodytes (Estrildidae) - black-rumped waxbill

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Felis silvestris (Felidae) - feral cat

• HEAR info:
  • Feral cats in Hawaii
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other websites:
  • "Cats Indoors!", a campaign of the American Bird Conservancy; with many fact sheets, including:
    • "Managed" Cat Colonies: The Wrong Solution to a Tragic Problem  
    • Domestic Cat Predation on Birds and Other Wildlife  
    • Cat Predation on Birds and Other Wildlife - Recent Studies  
    • Why Allowing Cats Outdoors is Hazardous to Cats, Wildlife and Humans  
  • Threat Abatement Plan for Predation by Feral Cats (Environment Australia)

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Francolinus francolinus (Phasianidae) - black francolin

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Francolinus pondicerianus (Phasianidae) - gray francolin

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Gallus gallus (Phasianidae) - chicken

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Gambusia affinis (family=?) - mosquitofish

• Other websites:
• USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species info: Gambusia affinis
  (from the Florida Caribbean Science Center)
• Search for other online info on this species

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Garrulax caerulescens (Muscicapidae) - (?thrush)

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Garrulax canorus (Muscicapidae) - melodious laughing thrush

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Garrulax pectoralis (Muscicapidae) - greater necklaced laughing thrush

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Hemichromis elongatus (Cichlidae) - banded jewel cichlid, five spot

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Herpestes auropunctatus [a.k.a. Herpestes javanicus] (Viverridae) - Indian mongoose HEAR info: Distribution on main Hawaiian islands Other websites: Search for other online info on mongoose Information from Bishop Museum For further info: Baldwin, P. H., C.W. Schwartz and E. R. Schwartz, 1952. Life History and Economic Status of the Mongoose in Hawaii. In Journal of Mammalogy, August, 1952. 33(3): 335-356. Hinton, H. E. and A. M. S. Dunn, 1967. Mongooses: Their Natural History and Behaviour. Oliver and Boyd Ltd, London. State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Game, 1968. The Mongoose.

Mongoose damage   to red-footed booby (J.H. Berger photo)

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Hypostomus cf. watwata (family=??) - suckermouth catfish, armored catfish, plecostomus

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Cichlidae) - Nicaragua cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Ictalurus punctatus (family=??) - channel catfish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Leiothrix lutea (Muscicapidae) - red-billed leothrix

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Lepomis cyanellus (family=??) - ??

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Lepomis macrochirus (family=??) - bluegill

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Limia vittata (family=??) - Cuban molly, Cuban topminnow, tabai

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Liposarcus multiradiatus (family=??) - long-fin armored catfish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Melanochromis johannii (Cichlidae) - johanni cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Meleagris gallopavo (Phasianidae) - wild turkey

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Micropterus dolomieui (family=??) - smallmouth bass

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Micropterus salmoides (family=??) - largemouth bass, black bass

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (family=??) - dojo, weather loach, Oriental weatherfish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Monopterus albus (family=??) - rice paddy eel, swamp eel

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Mugilogobius cavifrons (family=??) - mangrove goby

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Odocoileus hemionus ssp. columbianus (Cervidae) - black-tailed deer

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Omobranchus ferox (family=??) - fang-toothed blenny

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Oncorhynchus mykiss (family=??) - rainbow trout

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Oreochromis spp. (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Oreochromis macrochir (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Oryctolagus cuniculus ssp. cuniculus (Leporidae) - European rabbit

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other websites:
  • Threat Abatement Plan for Competition and Land Degradation by Feral Rabbits (Environment Australia)
  • Rabbits at Haleakala (Bishop Museum blurb RE: rabbit eradication at Haleakala National Park [Maui])
  • Search the internet for info on rabbits

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Ovis aries (Bovidae) - sheep

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Ovis musimon (Bovidae) - mouflon

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Padda oryzivora (Estrildidae) - Java sparrow, Java finch

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other info:
  • Hawaii AND ("Padda oryzivora" OR "Lonchura oryzivora" OR "Java finch" OR "Java sparrow")Search the internet for information on this species in Hawaii

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Palea steindachneri (family=??) - wattle-necked softshell turtle

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Parachromis managuensis (Cichlidae) - jaguar cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Parrots/psittacine birds

• HEAR info:
  • Aratinga mitrata - Mitred conure (mitred parakeet)
  • Target species of the Oahu Invasive Species Committee

• Other websites:
• Parrot invasion worries Maui - Honolulu Advertiser article 08 January 2001

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Pelodiscus sinensis (family=??) - Chinese softshell turtle

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Pelvicachromis pulcher (family=??) - cichlid

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Petrogale penicillata (Macropodidae) - brush-tailed rock wallaby

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Phasianus colchicus ssp. torquatus (Phasianidae) - ring-necked pheasant

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Phasianus colchicus ssp. versicolor (Phasianidae) - ring-necked pheasant

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Phelsuma madagascariensis (Geckonidae) (day gecko)

• Other websites:
• Alien gecko signals threat to isles' native ecosystem - Honolulu Star Bulletin article 17 February 2001

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Poecilia latipinna (family=??) - sailfin molly, tabai

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Poecilia reticulata (family=?) - guppy, rainbow fish, millions fish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Poecilia sp. hybrid complex (savlatoris/mexicana group) (family=??) - liberty molly, Mexican molly, tabai

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Psittacula krameri (Psittacidae) - rose-ringed parakeet

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other websites:
• Status and Distribution of Rose-ringed Parakeets (Psittacula krameri ssp. manillensis), Bakersfield, California (student report)

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Pterocles exustus (Psittacidae) - chestnut-bellied sandgrouse

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Puntius semifasciolatus (family=??) - barb

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Puntius filmantosus (family=??) - barb

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Pycnonotus cafer (Pycnonotidae) - red-vented bulbul

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other websites:
• Red-vented bulbul (student report)
• Bulbuls in Hawaii (student report)

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Pycnonotus jocosus (Pycnonotidae) - red-whiskered bulbul

HEAR info: Distribution on main Hawaiian islands Other websites: Red-whiskered bulbul (student report) Bulbuls in Hawaii (student report)

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Rana catesbeiana (family=??) - bullfrog, poloka iana

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Rana rugosa (Ranidae) - wrinkled frog

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands
• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Rattus exulans ssp. hawaiiensis (Muridae) - Polynesian rat

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands
  • Rattus exulans literature references  

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Rattus norvegicus ssp. norvegicus (Muridae) - brown rat

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Rattus rattus ssp. rattus (Muridae) - black rat

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Reptiles (general)

• HEAR info:
  • Lethal Disease Found in Ticks on Reptiles in Florida  

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Ramphotyphlops braminus (Typhlopidae) - blind snake

HEAR info: Distribution on main Hawaiian islands Kauai Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Big Island (Hawaii) Other websites: Bishop Museum reptile & amphibian checklist query results for Ramphotyphlops braminus Google web search for images of Ramphotyphlops braminus

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Sarotherodon spp. (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Sarotherodon melanotheron (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Serinus mozambicus (Fringillidae) - yellow-eyed canary

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Sicalis flaveola (Emberizidae) - saffron finch

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Sturnella neglecta (Emberizidae) - western meadowlark

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Sus scrofa (?family) - feral pig

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

• Other websites:
  • Rare Hawaii: Pigs - an article entitled "Simply incompatible: Hawaiian ecosystems and feral swine" from the Rare Hawaii website

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Thorichthys meeki (Cichlidae) - firemouth

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Tilapia spp. (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Tilapia melanopleura (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Tilapia zillii (Cichlidae) - tilapia

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Trachemys scripta ssp. elegans (Emydidae) - slider (turtle)

• Other info:
  • Collections info from Bishop Museum

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Turtles (general)

• HEAR info:
  • Lethal Disease Found in Ticks on Reptiles in Florida  

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Uraeginthus bengalus (Estrildidae) - red-cheeked cordon-bleu

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

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Xenentodon cancila (family=??) - stickfish, silver needlefish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Xiphophorus helleri (family=??) - green swordtail

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Xiphophorus maculatus (family=??) - moon fish, platy, southern platyfish

• Other info:
  • For more information on this species, see Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals (Yamamoto & Tagawa 2000).

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Zenaida macroura (Columbidae) - mourning dove

• HEAR info:
  • Distribution on main Hawaiian islands

Selected references

Yamamoto, Mike N. & Annette W. Tagawa. 2000. Hawaii's native & exotic freshwater animals. Mutual Publishing (www.mutualpublishing.com). Honolulu. 200 pp. illustr. (ISBN: 1-56647-342-X). (Unfortunately, there is no way at this time to meaningfully link directly to information about that book title on the publisher's website.)

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The Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk (HEAR) project is currently funded by the Pacific Basin Information Node (PBIN) of the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) through PIERC (USGS) with support from HCSU (UH-Hilo). More details are available online.